Please find the below useful url..
I hope it would be very useful to our profession..
http://www.filehoo.com/
Friday, August 12, 2011
A Complete Guide To Laptop Motherboard Repair
One of the worst things that can happen to your laptop is the motherboard failure often resulting into laptop motherboard repair. If the motherboard is damaged and is beyond repair, you would definitely need to consider buying a new laptop. This is of course necessary as the motherboard of a laptop is very expensive and not covered by a warranty, so the better option would be to buy a new laptop.
But before you reach to the conclusion, thoroughly assess the motherboard damage. For you need to decide between two options laptop motherboard repair vs. a new laptop.
Tell tale signs of motherboard failure:
- You have switched on the computer being indicated by the light and fan also starts to spin. But there is complete black- out on the computer screen with the hard drive not working within 10- 15 sec.
- The initial start up functions appear like indicative light, fan and hard drive sound, but disappears after a while i.e. 5 – 3 mins.
- A high pitched sound comes from the laptop when you press the “on” button.
- Last one can be that even when you have switched on the computer nothing happens.
Cause of Mother Board Failure
There are numerous reasons why a laptop’s motherboard would fail. But some common and often unlooked corners include:
- Electric and voltage fluctuations
- Dust particles, smoke, laptops age
- Fan failure often causing over heating issues
- Crash or physical damage
Even the signs of motherboard failure mentioned above needs to be looked into, there are some exceptions to be looked when checking for laptop motherboard damage and they include:
- The black screen could be an indication of a possible back light problem. In-between the hinges there is button as the on/off switch for the laptop’s back light. This buttons automatically get switched off when the lid is closed. However, sometimes it gets stuck. Therefore first pull the laptop’s lid back and forth, if it is still the same then take a pin, find the switch and gently tap it. If even this doesn’t work, possible you need a laptop motherboard repair.
- If your laptops get switched on for a few seconds and then dies out, it could be due to battery being exhausted. First connected to the power outlet and then switch it on. Also check for connection cables, if it is still not works there could be two reasons. First your adapter might have been damaged, get it checked. If that’s not the case then the possible failure could indicate a laptop motherboard repair.
- Often re- setting the RAM and CMOS or updating the BIOS could save you from motherboard laptop repair.
As an advice – if you’re no expert in laptop hardware, but you know your motherboard has failed- Always go for a professional Motherboard Laptop Repair.
The author Anna Watson has a great experience in Motherboard Repair and likes computers, video games, gadgets, movies, television, blogs, and web design.
Source : http://www.thewindowsclub.com
Meghdoot 7 : Cashbook - Edit Progressive Total problem
Error Message during 'Edit Progressive Total' in Accounts - Cashbook Module
runtime error or 'Object or Block variable invalid' and gives 'Automation Error'
Solution :
Please execute the attached solution using script tool
Cashbook29062011.exl
With Regards
Help Desk
Center for Excellence in Postal Technology
Postal Training Center Campus
Mysore 570010
Karnataka , India
Ph: +918212449015
Fax: +918212440526
chinthavishtayaya sita-യാത്രമൊഴി - ദൃശ്യാവിഷ്കാരം
യാത്രമൊഴി - ദൃശ്യാവിഷ്കാരം
യാത്രാമൊഴി കുമാരനാശാന്റെ ചിന്താവിഷ്ടയായ സീതയിലെ അവസാനഭാഗത്തോടടുത്ത പതിനഞ്ച് ശ്ലോകങ്ങളാണ് . ഈ കാവ്യ ഭാഗം ശ്രുതിമധുരമായ തന്റെ സ്വരത്തില്‍ ആലപിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത് തടത്തിപ്പറമ്പ് ജി.എച്ച്. എസ്. എസിലെ സംഗീതടീച്ചറാണ്. ദൃശ്യാവിഷ്കരണം നിര്‍വ്വഹിച്ച് സമര്‍പ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത് ജോഷി മാഷാണ്. . മലയാളപഠനം കൂടുതല്‍ രസകരവും കാര്യക്ഷമവുമാക്കാന്‍ എല്ലാ സുഹൃത്തുക്കളും ഈ വീഡിയോ പ്രയോജനപ്പെടുത്തുമെന്നു പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു.
Thursday, August 11, 2011
Meghdoot 7 : Point of Sale Submit Account Error & MSDTC Services Error
Problem : After instollation SQL Express and M.M.7.0
1. RPC errore while submitting POS Submit account
2. Error Message like " MSDTC SERVICES IS NOT RUNNING "
Solution :
1.
exec sp_serveroption @server='myserver', @optname='rpc', @optvalue='true'
exec sp_serveroption @server='myserver', @optname='rpc out', @optvalue='true'
Note: Replace 'myserver' with your servername in the above query.
2. Go to Services (Control Panel-- Administrative Tools--Services ) and then start the service 'Distributed Transaction Coordinator' (MSDTC) with start up type as 'Automatic' and Log On As 'Network Service' as shown in the attachment. Then execute the below mentioned Query relating to 'RPC' error to solve the problem.
Screen Shot - Distributed Transaction Coordinator' (MSDTC)
With Regards
Help Desk
Center for Excellence in Postal Technology
Postal Training Center Campus
Mysore 570010
Karnataka , India
Ph: +918212449015
Fax: +918212440526
www.ptcinfo.org
1. RPC errore while submitting POS Submit account
2. Error Message like " MSDTC SERVICES IS NOT RUNNING "
Solution :
1.
exec sp_serveroption @server='myserver', @optname='rpc', @optvalue='true'
exec sp_serveroption @server='myserver', @optname='rpc out', @optvalue='true'
Note: Replace 'myserver' with your servername in the above query.
2. Go to Services (Control Panel-- Administrative Tools--Services ) and then start the service 'Distributed Transaction Coordinator' (MSDTC) with start up type as 'Automatic' and Log On As 'Network Service' as shown in the attachment. Then execute the below mentioned Query relating to 'RPC' error to solve the problem.
Screen Shot - Distributed Transaction Coordinator' (MSDTC)
With Regards
Help Desk
Center for Excellence in Postal Technology
Postal Training Center Campus
Mysore 570010
Karnataka , India
Ph: +918212449015
Fax: +918212440526
www.ptcinfo.org
Heads of Important Offices in India
Heads of Important Offices in India (August2011)
Dr. Manmohan Singh: Chairman, Planning Commission.
Ms. Meira Kumar: Speaker, Lok Sabha.
Mohammad Hamid Ansari: Chairman, Rajya Sabha.
Mr. K. Rahman Khan: Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha.
Mr. Karia Munda: Deputy Speaker, Lok Sabha.
Mrs. Sushma Swaraj : Leader of Opposition (Lok Sabha).
Mr. Arun Jaitley: Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha).
Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia: Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission.
Mr. S. Y. Quraishi: Chief Election Commissioner
Mr. V. S. Sampath : Election Commissioner.
Mr. Harishankar Brahma : Election Commissioner.
Mr. Vinod Rai : Comptroller and Auditor-General ofIndia
Mr. Justice K. G. Balakrishnan : Chairperson, National Human Right Commission (NHRC)
Mr. K. M. Chandrasekhar: Cabinet Secretary.
Mr. T. K. A. Nair : Principal Secretary to Prime Minister .
Mr. Justice M. N. Rao: Chairman, National Commission for Backward Classes.
Ms. Shanta Sinha: Chairperson, National Commission for Protection of Child Rights
Dr. Buta Singh: Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Castes
Ms. Urmila Singh: Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
Prof. D. P. Agrawal: Chairman, UPSC.
Ms. Meira Kumar: Speaker, Lok Sabha.
Mohammad Hamid Ansari: Chairman, Rajya Sabha.
Mr. K. Rahman Khan: Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha.
Mr. Karia Munda: Deputy Speaker, Lok Sabha.
Mrs. Sushma Swaraj : Leader of Opposition (Lok Sabha).
Mr. Arun Jaitley: Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha).
Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia: Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission.
Mr. S. Y. Quraishi: Chief Election Commissioner
Mr. V. S. Sampath : Election Commissioner.
Mr. Harishankar Brahma : Election Commissioner.
Mr. Vinod Rai : Comptroller and Auditor-General of
Mr. Justice K. G. Balakrishnan : Chairperson, National Human Right Commission (NHRC)
Mr. K. M. Chandrasekhar: Cabinet Secretary.
Mr. T. K. A. Nair : Principal Secretary to Prime Minister .
Mr. Justice M. N. Rao: Chairman, National Commission for Backward Classes.
Ms. Shanta Sinha: Chairperson, National Commission for Protection of Child Rights
Dr. Buta Singh: Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Castes
Ms. Urmila Singh: Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
Prof. D. P. Agrawal: Chairman, UPSC.
Dr. M. S. Swaminathan : Chairman, National Commission on Farmers.
Mr. Shiv Shankar Menon: National Security Adviser and Special Adviser to PM (Internal Security).
Mr. S. C. Sinha : Director-General, National Investigation Agency (NIA).
Mr. S. S. Khurana: Chairman, Railway Board.
Mr. Vivek Kumar Agnihotri: Secretary-General, Rajya Sabha
Mr. T. K. Viswanathan : Secretary-General, Lok Sabha.
Mr. Nehchal Sandhu: Director, IB.
Mr. A. P. Singh: Director, CBI.
Mr. Sanjeev Tripathi: Director, Research and Analysis Wing.
Mr. R. K. Medhekar : Director-General, NSG.
Mr. Vijay Kumar : Director-General, CRPF.
Mr. Raman Srivastava : Director-General, Border Security Force (BSF).
Mr. Niraj Ranjan Das : Director-General, Central Industrial Security Force (CISF).
Mr. Ranjit Sinha: Director-General, Railway Protection Force.
Mr. R. K. Bhatia: Director-General, Indo-Tibetan Border Police.
Mr. Y. S. Dadwal : Director-General, Sashastra Seema Bal.
Vice-Admiral Anil Chopra: Director-General, Coast Guard.
Lt. Gen. Avtar Singh: Director-General, Defence Intelligence Agency.
Mr. Sukhadeo Thorat : Chairman, UGC.
Mr. V. K. Saraswat : Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister and Secretary, Defence Research & Development Organisation.
Dr. R. Chidambaram : Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government.
Mr. K. Radhakrishnan: Chairman, Space Commission and ISRO.
Mr. Srikumar Banerjee : Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Dept. of Atomic Energy.
Mr. Wajahat Habibullah: Chairperson, National Commission for Minorities.
Mr. N. K. Raghupathy : Chairman, SSC.
Mr. Justice (Retd.) B. N. Kirpal: Chairman, National Forest Commission.
Dr. Amrita Patel: Chairperson, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB).
Lt. Gen. M. C. Badhani : Director-General, Border Roads Organisation.
Dr. Vishwa Mohan Katoch : Director-General, Indian Council of Medical Research.
Mr. C. Chandramouli : Registrar-General ofIndia
Mr. P. V. Reddy : Chairman, Law Commission.
Mr. Baldev Raj : President,Indian National Academy
Mr. Duvvuri Subbarao : Governor, RBI.
Mr. Justice G. N. Ray: Chairman, Press Council ofIndia
Mr. V. J. Darda : Chairman, Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC).
Mr. Prakash Chandra: Chairperson, Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT).
Mr. A. K. Singh: Chairman, Central Board of Excise & Customs.
Justice Arijit Pasayat : Chairperson, Competition Appellate Tribunal
Mr. S. K. Garg : CMD, NHPC.
Mr. R. S. Sharma: CMD, ONGC.
Mr. U. D. Choubey : CMD, GAIL.
Mr. S. Behuria : Chairman, IOC.
Mr. N. M. Borah: CMD, Oil India Ltd.
Mr. Ashok Ganguly: Chairman, CBSE.
Mr. U. K. Sinha: Chairman, Securities & Exchange Board ofIndia
Mr. Prakash Bakshi: Chairman, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).
Mr. Pratip Chaudhuri : Chairman, SBI.
Mr. V. P. Shetty : Chairman, IDBI.
Mr. S. Balasubramanian : Chairman, Company Law Board.
Mr. Hardeep Singh Puri :India
Mr. T. S. Vijayan : Chairman, LIC
Mr. A. K. Bajaj : Chairman, Central Water Commission.
Ms. Girija Vyas : Chairperson, National Commission for Women.
Dr. Vijay L. Kelkar: Chairman, 13th Finance Commission.
Prof. Suresh D. Tendulkar : Chairman, National Statistical Commission.
Ms. Shafmila Tagore : Chairperson, Central Board of Film Certification.
Dr. Gautam Sengupta : Director-General, Archaeological Survey ofIndia
Mr. Rajan Bharti Mittal : President, FICCI.
Mr. J. S. Sarma: Chairman, TRAI
Mr. R. N. Das : Director, Enforcement Directorate.
Mr. Yogesh Agarwal: Chairman, Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority.
Mr. Pradeep Kumar: Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC).
Dr. Ratan Kumar Sinha : Director, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre.
Mr. Satyanand Mishra : Chief Information Commissioner.
Mr. Suresh Kalmadi : President, Indian Olympic Association.
Prof. Krishan Kumar: Director, NCERT.
Mr. Hari S. Bharti: President, CII.
Mr. Sam Pitroda : Chairman, National Knowledge Commission.
Mr. Rajiv Takru : CEO, Prasar Bharti Board.
Mr. Ratan Tata : Chairman, Investment Commission.
Mr. Harsh Manglik : Chairman, NASSCOM.
Mr. Swati Piramal: President, ASSOCHAM.
Mr. Manmohan Shetty : Chairman, National Film Development Corporation.
Mr. Ravindra Kumar: Chairman, United News ofIndia
Mr. N. Ravi : Chairman, PTI.
Mr. Hormusji N. Cama: President, Indian Newspaper Society.
Mr. Dilip Modi : President, The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry ofIndia
Mr. Shiv Shankar Menon: National Security Adviser and Special Adviser to PM (Internal Security).
Mr. S. C. Sinha : Director-General, National Investigation Agency (NIA).
Mr. S. S. Khurana: Chairman, Railway Board.
Mr. Vivek Kumar Agnihotri: Secretary-General, Rajya Sabha
Mr. T. K. Viswanathan : Secretary-General, Lok Sabha.
Mr. Nehchal Sandhu: Director, IB.
Mr. A. P. Singh: Director, CBI.
Mr. Sanjeev Tripathi: Director, Research and Analysis Wing.
Mr. R. K. Medhekar : Director-General, NSG.
Mr. Vijay Kumar : Director-General, CRPF.
Mr. Raman Srivastava : Director-General, Border Security Force (BSF).
Mr. Niraj Ranjan Das : Director-General, Central Industrial Security Force (CISF).
Mr. Ranjit Sinha: Director-General, Railway Protection Force.
Mr. R. K. Bhatia: Director-General, Indo-Tibetan Border Police.
Mr. Y. S. Dadwal : Director-General, Sashastra Seema Bal.
Vice-Admiral Anil Chopra: Director-General, Coast Guard.
Lt. Gen. Avtar Singh: Director-General, Defence Intelligence Agency.
Mr. Sukhadeo Thorat : Chairman, UGC.
Mr. V. K. Saraswat : Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister and Secretary, Defence Research & Development Organisation.
Dr. R. Chidambaram : Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government.
Mr. K. Radhakrishnan: Chairman, Space Commission and ISRO.
Mr. Srikumar Banerjee : Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Dept. of Atomic Energy.
Mr. Wajahat Habibullah: Chairperson, National Commission for Minorities.
Mr. N. K. Raghupathy : Chairman, SSC.
Mr. Justice (Retd.) B. N. Kirpal: Chairman, National Forest Commission.
Dr. Amrita Patel: Chairperson, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB).
Lt. Gen. M. C. Badhani : Director-General, Border Roads Organisation.
Dr. Vishwa Mohan Katoch : Director-General, Indian Council of Medical Research.
Mr. C. Chandramouli : Registrar-General of
Mr. P. V. Reddy : Chairman, Law Commission.
Mr. Baldev Raj : President,
Mr. Duvvuri Subbarao : Governor, RBI.
Mr. Justice G. N. Ray: Chairman, Press Council of
Mr. V. J. Darda : Chairman, Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC).
Mr. Prakash Chandra: Chairperson, Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT).
Mr. A. K. Singh: Chairman, Central Board of Excise & Customs.
Justice Arijit Pasayat : Chairperson, Competition Appellate Tribunal
Mr. S. K. Garg : CMD, NHPC.
Mr. R. S. Sharma: CMD, ONGC.
Mr. U. D. Choubey : CMD, GAIL.
Mr. S. Behuria : Chairman, IOC.
Mr. N. M. Borah: CMD, Oil India Ltd.
Mr. Ashok Ganguly: Chairman, CBSE.
Mr. U. K. Sinha: Chairman, Securities & Exchange Board of
Mr. Prakash Bakshi: Chairman, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).
Mr. Pratip Chaudhuri : Chairman, SBI.
Mr. V. P. Shetty : Chairman, IDBI.
Mr. S. Balasubramanian : Chairman, Company Law Board.
Mr. Hardeep Singh Puri :
Mr. T. S. Vijayan : Chairman, LIC
Mr. A. K. Bajaj : Chairman, Central Water Commission.
Ms. Girija Vyas : Chairperson, National Commission for Women.
Dr. Vijay L. Kelkar: Chairman, 13th Finance Commission.
Prof. Suresh D. Tendulkar : Chairman, National Statistical Commission.
Ms. Shafmila Tagore : Chairperson, Central Board of Film Certification.
Dr. Gautam Sengupta : Director-General, Archaeological Survey of
Mr. Rajan Bharti Mittal : President, FICCI.
Mr. J. S. Sarma: Chairman, TRAI
Mr. R. N. Das : Director, Enforcement Directorate.
Mr. Yogesh Agarwal: Chairman, Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority.
Mr. Pradeep Kumar: Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC).
Dr. Ratan Kumar Sinha : Director, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre.
Mr. Satyanand Mishra : Chief Information Commissioner.
Mr. Suresh Kalmadi : President, Indian Olympic Association.
Prof. Krishan Kumar: Director, NCERT.
Mr. Hari S. Bharti: President, CII.
Mr. Sam Pitroda : Chairman, National Knowledge Commission.
Mr. Rajiv Takru : CEO, Prasar Bharti Board.
Mr. Ratan Tata : Chairman, Investment Commission.
Mr. Harsh Manglik : Chairman, NASSCOM.
Mr. Swati Piramal: President, ASSOCHAM.
Mr. Manmohan Shetty : Chairman, National Film Development Corporation.
Mr. Ravindra Kumar: Chairman, United News of
Mr. N. Ravi : Chairman, PTI.
Mr. Hormusji N. Cama: President, Indian Newspaper Society.
Mr. Dilip Modi : President, The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of
List of World Presidents & Prime Ministers
List of World Presidents & Prime Ministers
*Afghanistan: President - Hamid Karzai; Capital - Kabul.
● Algeria: President - Abdelaziz Bouteflika; Prime Minister - Ahmed Ouyahia; Capital-
Algiers.
● Argentina: President- Ms. Cristina Fernandez Kirchner; Capital- Buenos Aires.
● Australia: Governor-General- Ms. Quentin Bryce; PRIME MINISTER- Kevin Rudd; Capital (Federal)- Canberra.
● Austria: President- Heinz Fischer; Chancellor-Werner Faymann, Capital- Vienna.
● Bahrain: King - Hamad ibn al-Khalifah; Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifah Sulman al-Khalifah; Capital- Manama.
● Bangladesh: President - Zillur Rahman; PRIME MINISTER - Ms. Sheikh Hasina; Capital- Dhaka.
● Belarus: President- Alexander Lukashenko; Prime Minister - Sergei Sidorsky; Capital- Minsk.
● Belgium: King - Albert II; Prime Minister-Herman Van Rompuy; Capital- Brussels.
● Bhutan: King - Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuk; Prime Minister-Jigmi Y. Thinley;
Capital – Thimphu
● Bolivia: President- Evo Morales; Capital – La Paz.
● Brazil: President- Ms. Dilma Rousseff; Capital - Brasilia.
● Bulgaria: President - Georgi Purvanov; Prime Minister - Boyko Borisov; Capital-
Sofia.
● Burkina Faso: President – Blaise Compaore; Prime Minister – Tertius Zongo; Capital-
Ouagadougou.
● Cambodia: King - Norodom Sihamoni; Prime Minister - Hun Sen; Capital – Phnom Penh.
● Canada: Governor-General Ms. Michaelle Jean; PRIME MINISTER - Stephen Harper; Capital- Ottawa.
● Chile: President - Ms. Sebastian Pinera; Capital - Santiago.
● China: President- Hu Jintao; Prime Minister-Wen Jiabao; Capital- Beijing.
● Colombia: President- Juan Manuel Santos; Capital - Bogota.
● Croatia: President - Stjepan Mesic; Prime Minister -Dr. Ivo Sanader; Capital-Zagreb.
● Cuba: President- Raul Castro; Capital -Havana.
● Czech Republic: President- Vaclav Klaus; Prime Minister -Jan Fischer; Capital-Prague.
● Denmark: Queen - Margrethe II; Prime Minister- Lars Lokke Rasmussen; Capital - Copenhagen.
● Ecuador: President- Rafael Correa; Capital-Quito.
● Egypt: President - Mohamed Hussein Tantawi (Acting); Capital-Cairo.
● Finland: President - Ms. Tarja Halonen; Prime Minister - Matti Vanhanen; Capital-Helsinki.
● France: President- Nicolas Sarkozy; Prime Minister - Francois Fillon; Capital- Paris.
● Germany: President - Horst Koehler; Chancellor - Ms. Angela Merkel; Capital-Berlin.
● Guyana: President - Bharrat Jagdeo; Prime Minister - Samuel Hinds; Capital- Georgetown.
● Greece: President – Karolos Papoulias; Prime Minister – George Papandreou; Capital - Athens.
● Hungary: President- Pal Schmitt; PRIME MINISTER - Viktor Orban; Capital- Budapest.
● Indonesia: President - Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono; Capital- Jakarta.
● Iran: President - Mahmoud Ahmadinejad; Capital- Teheran.
● Iraq: President -Jalai Talabani; Prime Minister - Nuri al-Maliki, Capital- Baghdad.
● Ireland: President- Ms. Mary McAleese; Prime Minister - Brian Cowen, Capital- Dublin.
● Israel: President - Shimon Peres; PRIME MINISTER - Benjamin Netanyahu; Capital- Jerusalem.
● Italy: President - Georgio Napolitano; Prime Minister- Silvio Berlusconi; Capital- Rome.
● Japan: Emperor- Akihito; Prime Minister: Naoto Kan; Capital- Tokyo.
● Jordan: King - Abdullah II; Prime Minister-Nader al-Dahabi; Capital- Amman.
● Kazakhstan: President - Nursultan A. Nazarbayev; Prime Minister – Karim Masimov; Capital- Astana.
● Kenya: President - Mwai Kibaki; Prime Minister - Raila Odinga; Capital - Nairobi.
● Korea, North: President – Marshal Kim Jong II; Prime Minister – Hong Song Nam;
Capital- Pyongyang.
● Korea, South: President-, Lee Myung-Bak; Prime Minister - Kim Hwang-sik; Capital -
Seoul.
● Kuwait: Emir - Sheikh Sabah ai-Ahmad al-Sabah; Capital - Kuwait.
● Kyrgyzstan: President (Interim) – Kurmanbek Bakiyey; Prime Minister - Daniyar Usenov
Capital - Bishkek.
● Madagascar: President - Andy Rajoelina; Prime Minister - Eugene Mangalaza; Capital-
Antananarivo.
● Malaysia: King - T. S. S. Syed Putra Jamalullail; Prime Minister- Najib Tun Razak; Capital-Kuala Lumpur.
● Maldives: President - Mohammed "Anni" Nasheed; Capital - Male.
● Mauritius: President - Anerood Jugnauth; Prime Minister - Navinchandra Ramgoolam; Capital - Port Louis.
● Mexico: President – Felipe Calderon; Capital – Mexico City.
● Mongolia: President - Nambaryn Enkhbayar; Prime Minister - Sukhbaatar Batblod; Capital - Ulan Bator.
● Montenegro: President - Filip Vujanovic; Prime Minister-Milo Dukanovic; Capital – Podgorica
● Morocco: King - Mohammed VI; Prime Minister - Abbas El Fassi; Capital - Rabat.
● Myanmar (Burma) : Head of Govt. : Gen. Than Shwe; Capital - Nyapidaw.
● Nepal: President - Dr. Ram Baran Yadav; Prime Minister – Jhala Nath Khanal; Capital -Kathmandu.
● Netherlands: Queen - Beatrix; Capital-Amsterdam.
● New Zealand: Governor-General – Anand Satyanand; PrimeMinister - John Key; Capital-
Wellington.
● Nigeria: President - Goodluck Jonathan; Capital - Abuja.
● Norway: King - Harald V; Prime Minister – Jens Stoltenberg; Capital - Oslo.
● Pakistan: President - Asif Ali Zardari; Prime Minister - Syed Yousuf Raza Gilani; Capital -Islamabad. .
● Panama: President - Ricardo Martenelli; Capital - Panama City.
● Paraguay: President - Fernando Lugo; Capital – Asuncion
● Peru: President - Alan Garcia; Prime Minister -Javier Velasquez; Capital- Lima.
● Philippines: President - Ms. Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo; Capital - Manila.
● Poland: President - Lech Kaczynski; Prime Minister- Donald Tusk; Capital- Warsaw.
● Portugal: President - Amibal Cavaco Silva; Prime Minister - Jose Socrates; Capital-
Lisbon.
● Romania: President - Traian Basecue; Prime Minister - Emil Boc; Capital - Bucharest.
● Russia: President - Dmitry Medvedev; Prime Minister - Vladimir Putin; Capital - Moscow.
● Rwanda: President - Paul Kagame; Prime Minister - Bernard Makuza; Capital -Kigali.
● Saudi Arabia : King - Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz al Saud; Capital- Riyadh.
● Serbia: President - Boris Tadic; Prime Minister - Mirko Cvetkovic; Capital - Belgrade.
● Singapore: President - S. R. Nathan; PRIME MINISTER - Lee Hsien Loong; Capital - Singapore.
● Slovakia: President - Ivan Gasparovic; Prime Minister - Robert Fico; Capital-Bratislava.
● South Africa : President- Jacob Zuma; Capital-Cape Town (Legislative) and Tshwane
(Formerly Pretoria) (Administrative).
● Spain: King - Juan Carlos I; Prime Minister-Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero; Capital -Madrid.
● Sri Lanka: President - Mahinda Rajapaksa; Prime Minister - – D.M. Jayaratne; Capital- Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (Colombo).
● Sudan: President - Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir; Capital - Khartoum.
● Sweden: King - Carl XVI Gustaf; PRIME MINISTER – Fredrik Reinfeldt; Capital - Stockholm.
● Switzerland: President - Hans-Rudolf Merz; Capital – Berne
● Syria: President - Bashar Al-Assad; Prime Minister - Muhammad Naji al-Otari; Capital- Damascus.
● Taiwan: President - Ma Ying-jeou; Prime Minister -Wu Den-yih; Capital – Taipei.
● Turkey: President - Abdullah Gul; Prime Minister - Recep Tayyip Erdogan; Capital- Ankara.
● Ukraine: President - Victor Yushchenko; Prime Minister- Mykola Azarov; Capital- Kiev.
● United Arab Emirates: Prime Minister- Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al-Maktoum;
Capital- Abu Dhabi.
● United Kingdom: Queen - Elizabeth II; Prime Minister - Gordon Brown; Capital - London.
● United States of America: President – Barack Obama; Secretary of State -Ms. Hillary Clinton; Capital- Washington, D.C.
● Uzbekistan: President - Islam A. Karimov; Prime Minister - Shavkat Mirziyayev; Capital- Tashkent.
● Venezuela: President - Hugo Chavez Frias; Capital - Caracas.
● Vietnam: President - Nguyen Minh Triet; Prime Minister - Nguyen Tan Dung; Capital-
Hanoi.
● Zimbabwe: President - Robert G. Mugabe; PRIME MINISTER - Morgan Tsvangirai; Capital- Harare.
Capitals, Governors and Chief Ministers of States ( Aug-2011)
Capitals, Governors and Chief Ministers of States ( Aug-2011)
| States | Capitals | Governors | Chief Ministers |
| (1) Andhra Pradesh | | Mr. E.S.L.Narasimhan | Mr. N.Kiran Kumar Reddy |
| (2) Arunachal Pradesh | Itanagar | Gen. (Retd.) J. J. Singh | Mr. Jarbom Gamlin |
| (3) | Dispur | Mr. J. B. Patnaik | Mr. Tarun Gogoi |
| (4) | | Mr. Devanand Konwar | Mr. Nitish Kumar |
| (5) Chhattisgarh | | Mr. Shekhar Dutt | Dr. Raman Singh |
| (6) | Panaji | Mr. S. S. Sidhu | Mr. Digambar V. Kamat |
| (7) | Gandhinagar | Dr. Kamla | Mr. Narendra Modi |
| (8) Haryana | | Mr. Jagannath Pahadia | Mr. Bhupinder S. Hooda |
| (9) Himachal Pradesh | Shimla | Ms. Urmila Singh | Mr. Prem Kumar Dhumal |
| (10) | | Mr. N. N. Vohra | Mr. Omar Abdullah |
| (11) Jharkhand | | Mr. M. O. H. Farook | Mr. Arjun Munda |
| (12) Karnataka | Bengaluru | Mr. Hans Raj Bhardwaj | Mr. DV Sadananda Gowda |
| (13) Kerala | Thiruvananthapuram | Mr. Ramkrishna S. Gavai | Mr. Ooman Chandy |
| (14) Madhya Pradesh | | Mr. Rameshwar Thakur | Mr. Shivraj Singh Chauhan |
| (15) | Mumbai | Mr. K. Sankaranarayan | Mr. Prithviraj Chavan |
| (16) Manipur | Imphal | Mr. Gurbachan Jagat | Mr.Okram Ibobi Singh |
| (17) Meghalaya | Shillong | Mr. R. S. Mooshahary | Mr. Mukul A. Sangma |
| (18) Mizoram | Aizawl | Lt Gen. (Retd.) M M. Lakhera | Mr.Lalthanhawla |
| (19) Nagaland | Kohima | Mr. Nikhil Kumar | Mr. Neiphiu Rio |
| (20) Orissa | | Mr. M. C. Bhandare | Mr. Naveen Patnaik |
| (21) | | Mr. Shivraj V. Patil | Mr. Parkash Singh Badal |
| (22) Rajasthan | Jaipur | Mr. Shivraj V. Patil (Acting) | Mr. Ashok Gehlot |
| (23) | Gangtok | Mr. Balmiki Prasad Singh | Mr. Pawan Chamling |
| (24) Tamil Nadu | Chennai | Mr. S. S. Barnala | Ms. Jayalalithaa |
| (25) Tripura | Agartala | Mr. D. Y. Patil | Mr. Manik Sarkar |
| (26) Uttarakhand | Dehradun | Ms. Margaret Alva | Mr. Ramesh Pokhriyal |
| (27) Uttar Pradesh | | Mr. B. L. Joshi | Ms. Mayawati |
| (28) West | Kolkata | Mr. M. K. Narayanan | Ms. Mamata Banerjee |
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