CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION (CSE)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and Answers
i. The FAQs are designed to
provide a better understanding of common issues, and sometimes of fairly
complex issues/topics and will often link to more detailed
information.
ii. This FAQ is for information
purpose only and is not a substitute for Rules. The information provided here
would not create any right on part of the individual candidate. In case, there is lack of
clarity on any issue, the position indicated in the CSE Rules for the
prevailing year governing the CSE would prevail.
iii. The candidates are advised
to visit DoPT’s website www.persmin.nic.in for information details about CSE, Service Allocation/Cadre
Allocation, and Service Profile etc.
FAQ
Categories
1. General Instructions on CSE
2. Eligibility condition of
candidates for appearing in CSE
3. Reservation Issues
4. Medical Examination of
candidates
5. Issues relating to candidates
belonging to PH category
6. Service Allocation
• Under which rules Civil Service Examination (CSE) is conducted?
Civil Services Examination (CSE)
is conducted as per provisions contained in the Civil Service Examination Rules notified every year by the
Department of Personnel & Training, Government of India and published on
the web-site of the Union Public Service Comission (UPSC).
• Which agency is responsible for
conducting the Civil Service
Examination?
The Union Public Service
Commission
• What will be the number of vacancies
to be filled on the basis of result of a particular Civil Services
Examination?
The number of vacancies is
specified in the notice issued by the Union Public Service Commission, after
getting the details from various cadre controlling authorities (CCAs) for the
services to which recruitment is made by the Central Government on the basis of
Civil Services Examination (CSE).
• To how many services am I
eligible to be recruited on the basis CSE?
Recruitment is generally made to
the following services on the basis of Civil
Service Examination:
i. The Indian Administrative
Service (IAS), Group 'A'
ii. The Indian Foreign Service
(IFoS), Group 'A'
iii. The Indian Police Service (IPS), Group 'A'
iv. The Indian P&T Accounts
and Finance Service (IAS), Group 'A'.
v. The Indian Audit and Accounts
Service (IAS), Group 'A'.
vi. Indian Revenue Service
(Customs & Central Excise), (IAS) Gr. "A".
vii. The Indian Defence Accounts
Service (IAS), Group 'A'.
viii. The Indian Revenue Service,
(IT) Group 'A'.
ix. The Indian Ordnance Factories
Service, Group 'A'. (Asstt. Works Manager—Administration).
x. The Indian Postal Service,
Group 'A'.
xi. The Indian Civil Accounts
Service, Group 'A'.
xii. The Indian Railway Traffic Service,
Group 'A'.
xiii. The Indian Railway Accounts
Service, Group 'A'.
xiv. The Indian Railway Personnel
Service, Group 'A'.
xv. Post of Assistant Security
Commissioner, Group 'A' in Railway Protection Force.
xvi. The Indian Defence Estates
Service, Group 'A'.
xvii. The Indian Information
Service, Junior Grade Group 'A'.
xviii. Indian Trade Service,
Group 'A' (Gr. III).
xix. Indian Corporate Law
Service. Group 'A'.
xx. Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service, Group 'B' (Section
Officer's Grade).
xxi. Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar
Islands, Lakshadweep. Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Civil Service, Group 'B'.
xxii. Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar
Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Police
Service. Group 'B'.
xxiii. Pondicherry Civil Service, Group 'B'.
xxiv. Pondicherry Police Service,
Group 'B'.
The above mentioned services are
categorized / classified into (i)
Technical Services and (ii) Non-Technical services.
Based on your medical report, you
are either eligible/fit only for all non-technical services (not fit for
technical services), both eligible/fit for technical as well as all
non-technical services (fit for all services) or eligible/fit for non-technical
and some of the technical services or eligible/fit for none of the technical as
well as non-technical service (unfit for all services).
• What is a TECHNICAL SERVICE
Those services are treated as
Technical Services which require special medical status in terms of vision,
height, chest, chest expansion etc.
The Technical services under CSE
are as follows.
i. The Indian Railway Traffic
Service, Group 'A'.
ii. Railway Protection Force
(RPF) Group A,
iii. Indian Police Service, Gr. A,
iv. Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar
Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Police
Service. Group 'B'.
v. Pondicherry Police Service,
Group 'B'
vi. Indian Ordinance Factories
Service (IOFS) Group A.
• Which are the Non-Technical
services?
The Indian Administrative
Service, Indian Foreign Service, Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group 'A',
Indian Revenue Service (Customs & Central Excise) Gr. "A", Indian
Revenue Service, (IT) Group 'A', Indian Postal Service, Group 'A', Indian Civil
Accounts Service, Group 'A', Indian Railway Accounts Service, Group 'A', Indian
Railway Personnel Service, Group 'A', The Indian Defence Estates Service, Group
'A', Indian Information Service, Junior Grade Group 'A' Indian Corporate Law
Service. Group 'A', Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep. Daman
& Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Civil
Service, Group 'B'
Eligibility
of candidates for appearing in CSE
• Who is eligibility to appear in
the Civil Service
Examination?
(1) For the Indian Administrative
Service and Indian Police
Service, a candidate must be a citizen of India.
(2) For other Services, a
candidate must be either- -
(a) a citizen of India, or
(b) a subject of Nepal, or
(c) a subject of Bhutan, or
(d) a Tibetan refugee who came
over to India before the 1st January, 1962 with the intention of permanently
settling in India, or
(e) a person of Indian origin who
has migrated from Pakistan, Burma (Myanmar), Sri Lanka, East African countries
of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire and
Ethiopia or Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India :
a) Provided that a candidate
belonging to categories (b), (c), (d) and (e) shall be a person in whose favour
a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the
Government of India :
b) Provided further that
candidates belonging to categories (b), (c) and (d) above will not be eligible
for appointment to the Indian Foreign Service.
c) A candidate in whose case a certificate of eligibility is necessary may be
admitted to the examination but the offer of appointment may be given only
after the necessary eligibility certificate has been issued to him/her by the
Government of India.
• What age limit has been
prescribed for appearing in the Civil
Service Examination for different
categories of candidates? How many attempts are allowed for the same?
With effect from the CSE: 2014,
to be held in August, 2014, the following no. of attempts and age limits have
been prescribed for different categories of candidates:
Existing no. of attempts
|
Categories
|
|||
Unreserved
|
SC/ST
|
OBC
|
P.H.
|
|
04
|
Unlimited
|
07
|
07 for General/OBC
Unlimited for SC/ST |
|
Existing max. age-limits (*)
|
30 years
|
35 years
|
33 years
|
40 years
|
Consequential changes in No.
of attempts.
|
06
(4+2) |
Unlimited
|
09
(7+2) |
09 for
General/OBC Unlimited for SC/ST |
Consequential changes in age-limits(*)
|
32 years
(30+2) |
37 years
(35+2) |
35 years
(33+2) |
12 additional years in each category (30+12 for General, 35+12
for SC/ST & 33+12 for OBC)
|
• Whether a candidate who is
allocated to one of the services participating in the Civil Service Examination can again appear in the Civil Service Examination for improvement?
Yes, except those who have been
allocated to the Indian Administrative Service (IAS)/Indian Foreign Service
(IFS).
• Who is competent to take final
decision with regard to the eligibility or otherwise of a candidate for
admission to CSE?
The UPSC
Reservation
Issues
• What is the provision for
reservation in Civil Service
Examination?
Reservation is made for
candidates belonging to SC/ST/OBC and PH candidates in respect of vacancies as
may be fixed by the Government.
• What is
date for issue of Caste Certificate?
Candidates seeking reservation/
relaxation benefits available for SC/ST/OBC/PH/Ex-servicemen must ensure that
they are entitled to such reservation/relaxation as per eligibility prescribed
in the Rules/Notice. They should also be in possession of all the requisite
certificates in the prescribed format in support of their claim as stipulated
in the Rules/Notice for such benefits, and these certificates should be dated
earlier than the due date (closing date) of the application for CSE (Prelims).
• Whether any posts are reserved
for persons with disability (PH) in CSE ?
Yes. 3% of posts, 1% each for
Visually Impaired (VI) , Hearing Impaired(HI) and Locomotor Disability and
Cerebral Palsy(LDCP) is permissible in services (except those which have
obtained exemption from M/o SJ&E) participating in CSE.
Medical
Examination of candidates
All candidates recruited to
various services under CSE have to be examined by the Medical Authority for
initial appointment and for placement at jobs involving different nature of
works. Arrangement for the Medical Examinations for the purposes of determining
Physical Fitness is done by the Central Government. The DoPT notifies CSE
Rules- Appendix-III every year prescribing guidelines for the same.
• Whether medical examination of
candidates qualified in CSE (Mains) is mandatory?
Yes, medical examination of
candidates qualified in CSE (Mains) is mandatory, in order to ensure that they
are in good mental /physical health and free from any physical defect likely to
interfere with discharge of their duties as an officer of the service.
• From where a candidate can get an
access to Appendix-III to CSE Rules as well as information relating to his/her
medical examination?
CSE Rules containing
Appendix-III, notices and information relating to the medical examination are
posted time to time on the dedicated webpage of DoPT on the DoPT’s website.
• Which are the hospitals where
medical examination of candidates qualified in CSE (Mains) is conducted?
Medical examination of
candidates, at present, is conducted in five designated hospitals in Delhi viz.
Safdarjang Hospital, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Lok Nayak Jai Prakash
Hospital, Sucheta Kriplani Hospital and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital.
Lady candidates are medically
examined only in Sucheta Kriplani Hospital whereas Physically handicapped
candidates are medically examined only in Safdarjung Hospital.
• Whether there is any proposal to
increase the number of hospitals?
Yes, from CSE, 2014, medical
examination will be done in seven designated hospitals in Delhi viz. Safdarjang
Hospital, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Hospital,
Sucheta Kriplani Hospital and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Deen Dayal Upadhyay
Hospital and Dr. Bheem Rao Ambedkar Hospital.
The lady candidates will be
examined in all the seven designated hospitals.
The PH candidates would be
examined in five designated hospitals viz five designated hospitals in Delhi
viz. Safdarjang Hospital, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Lok Nayak Jai Prakash
Hospital, Sucheta Kriplani Hospital and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital.
Candidate required to appear in
Appellate Specialized Medical Board (ASMC) for eye conditions may be referred
to Guru Nanak Eye Hospital at New Delhi.
• What are the instructions for the
candidates to follow before appearing the central standing medical board (CSMB)
for medical examination?
A
candidate must observe and follow the instructions given under before appearing
for medical examination before CSMB, dedicated web page of DOPT’s website which
can be accessed through web authentication code allotted to candidate. These
include the following:-
(i) Candidate should come fasting
for 10 hours or more on the day of medical examination.
(ii) Candidate should come
without taking any medicine on the day of Medical Examination.
(iii) Candidate should bring
along the spectacles, if any, being used by him/her alongwith the prescription
for the same.
(iv) Candidate using Contact
Lenses should stop using them at least 48 hours before the medical
examination.
(v) Candidate should bring along
Hearing Aid, if any, being used by him/her and its latest audiometry
report.
(vi) Candidate belonging to
Physical Handicappoed (PH) category is advised to bring along the appliances
being used by him/her for his/her disability.
(vii) Candidate should bring
along prescription for any kind of medicine being taken by him/her on regular
basis.
(viii) Candidate should bring
along records of any surgical procedure he/she has undergone in the past.
(ix) Candidate should bring along
the Disability Certificate, if any, issued to him/her by any Disability Medical
Board in the past.
(x) Any other relevant record a
candidate may like to bring to the notice of the Central Standing Medical
Board.
(xi) The candidate will be
required to make a statement as per format provided at Para 21 prior to his/her
Medical Examination and must sign the Declaration appended thereto.
• General
Guidelines for Candidates belonging to PH category
Physical and mental standards
essential for various posts under civil services in case of candidate with
physical/mental infirmity are governed by the notifications under PWD Act by
the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. The following guidelines may be
kept in mind by a candidate belonging to PH category:
i) A candidate would be eligible
to apply against services reserved for PH category who suffers permanently from
not less than 40 percent of relevant disability. A candidate who wants to avail
of the benefit of reservation would have to apply in the prescribed format (Annexure-lll
of Appendix-III of CSE Rules 2014) to
the competent authority for issue of a ‘Disability Certificate’.
ii) The Competent Authority to
issue Disability Certificate shall be the CSMB constituted by the Central
Government or by the State Government consisting of at least three members out
of which at least one shall be a Specialist in the relevant field for assessing
locomotors /cerebral /visual /hearing disability, as the case may be.
iii) The Competent Authority
would assess the degree of disability as per latest guidelines published by
Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment and issue the ‘Disability
Certificate’ to applicant in the format prescribed (Annexure-IV of Appendix III of
CSE Rules 2014).
iv) A
candidate holding such a disability certificate would be eligible to apply for
Preliminary Examination under CSE, 2014.
v) With effect from, CSE 2014,
candidates holding a disability certificate issued by a competent authority
would be advised to present themselves before the Central Standing Medical
Boards(CSMB) in Safdarjung Hospital, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, LHMC, Guru
Teg Bahadur Hospital and Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan Hospital, for their
medical examination under these Regulations.
vi) These Medical Board shall,
after due examination, give a permanent disability certificate in cases of
permanent disability. A candidate’s medical examination report along with the
recommendations could be made available to the candidate after the medical
examination by post at the postal address for communication given by the
candidate in the application form.
vii) This report is also to be
published in the dedicated webpage which is accessible only to the candidate
concerned through his/her password on DoPT’s website within seven (7) working
days from the date of completion of the medical examination.
viii) No refusal of ‘Disability
Certificate’ shall be made unless an opportunity of ‘being heard’ is given to
the applicant. On representation by the PH applicant, the CSMB concerned may
review its decision having regard to all the facts and circumstances of the
case and pass such orders in the matter as it thinks fit.
ix) In case of
dissatisfaction/disagreement with the report of the medical examination/medical
test and its recommendations, the candidate may prefer an appeal to DoPT in the
prescribed format (at Annexure 1) either by post or online to reach DOPT within
7 working days from the date of publication of medical report in the website.
Candidates filing an appeal against the decision of the CSMB may, if they like
enclose medical certificate in support of their claim of being fit. The Medical
Examination by the Appellate Medical Board would be arranged at Delhi only and
no travelling allowance or daily allowance will be admissible for the journeys
performed in connection with the medical examination. No fee will be charged for
filing an appeal against the findings of the CSMB.
Candidate filling an appeal will
be assigned an Appellate Disability Medical Board by the DoPT and he /she will
have to present him/her before this Board on the date and time indicated in the
notice for the same which will be uploaded in the website on the dedicated page
for the candidate concerned. No separate notice by post would be sent. Failure
to appear before the Appellate Disability Medical Board on the appointed day
would amount to forfeiture of the opportunity of appeal for the candidate and
as a consequence the recommendation of CSMB would be final. The recommendation
of this Appellate Disability Medical Board would be final and no appeal would
lie against the opinion of this Appellate Disability Medical Board.
• Whether the candidate can leave
the medical examination incomplete?
No candidate can leave the
medical examination incomplete. He/she will be required to follow the procedure
of the medical examination as advised by the medical examiner and if advised by
the medical examiner, he /she would remain present before any other medical
board on given time or day. Leaving medical examination incomplete would render
candidate liable for cancellation of his /her candidature.
• Whether formal permission of the
Chairman of the Medical Board would be required by the candidate before leaving
the medical examination?
Yes. Candidate should leave
medical examination only after obtaining relieving letter in the prescribed
format to be issued by the Chairman of CSMD or authorized representative and
keep the same as a proof of completion of his medical examination.
• Whether medical examination
report should be shared with the candidate?
Yes, w.e.f. CSE 2014. Candidate’s
medical examination report along with the recommendation would be made
available to the candidates after the medical examination by post at the postal
address for communication given by the candidate in his/her application form.
Also this report would be published in the dedicated web page which would be
accessible only to the candidate concerned through his/her password on DOPT’s
website within the seven working days from the date of completion of the
medical examination.
• Is there any provision for appeal
against the findings of medical examination?
Yes. If a
candidate who is not satisfied with the findings of the medical board he/she
may file an appeal to DOPT in the prescribed format, which should reach DOPT
within seven working days from the date of publication of medical report on the
website.
• Whether it is mandatory to
enclose certificate in support of his/her of being a fit candidate?
It is not mandatory. However, if
a candidate wishes to do so he/she may enclose a copy of medical certificate in
support of his claim.
• Where will the medical
examination by the Appellate Medical Board be held?
Such
medical examination will be held at Delhi and no travelling allowance or daily
allowance will be admissible for journey performed in connection with such
medical examination w.e.f., CSE 2014.
• What will the amount of fee
charged?
No fee will be charged from
candidates for filing an Appeal w.e.f., CSE 2014.
• When a candidate would be
required to present himself/herself before Appellate Medical Board?
The candidate would be required
to present himself /herself before Appellate Medical Board on the date and time
to be intimated to him/her by the DoPT and would also be uploaded in the
website.
• What will happen if a candidate
fails to present himself before Appellate Medical Board on the scheduled
date?
Failure to appear before
Appellate Medical Board on the appointed day would amount to forfeiture of the
opportunity of appeal for the candidate and as a consequence the recommendation
of CSMB would be final.
• Whether there is any opportunity
to file the appeal for review of the findings of Appellate Medical Board?
The findings of the Appellate
Medical Board would be final and no appeal would lie against the opinion of the
appellate medical board.
• Whether there is provision for
appeal of PH candidate against findings of CSMB?
Yes. The same provision is
applicable as in case of Non PH category candidates.
• Whether any fee will charged from
PH for filing appeal against CSMB ?
No fee will be charged.
• Who will constitute medical
board?
The Central Government (Ministry
of Health and Family Welfare) will constitute Central Standing Medical Board in
the designated hospitals for conduct of medical examination of candidates in
CSE.
• Whether Chairman of CSMBs may
consult specialists of other designated hospitals before giving a medical
report?
Yes, in case of any doubt
Chairman CSMB may consult specialists in designated hospitals.
• Whose decision as regards to
fitness of the candidates shall be final?
As regards to fitness of the candidates,
the decision of the Chairman of CSMB will be final except in ‘Appeal Cases’,
where decision of the Chairman of Appellate Medical Board will be treated
‘final’.
• What will be the constitution of
the Appellate Medical Board?
Appellate Medical Board will
comprise of Specialists including a Chairman who would be higher in rank than
those included in CSMB and the same would invariably be headed by Head of
Department.
• Who will examine PH candidate on
their appeal?
Appellate Disability Medical
Board (ADMB) constituted by Government would examine PH candidate on their
appeal
• Whether it is mandatory to have
lady doctor in the medical examination of lady candidate?
Yes, lady doctor will assist in
medical examination.
• What is
the procedure for the candidate having temporary unfitness?
In case where medical board
considers that candidate has temporary unfitness to that effect should record
the same and the same would be informed to the candidate by DOPT.
• In how
many months such candidates would be re-examined?
Temporary unfit candidate would
be re-examined within a period not exceeding 6 months. After the re-examination
final report as regards to his/ her fitness or otherwise for appointment to
service would be given.
Issues
relating to candidates belonging to PH category
• What
should be the degree of disability for claiming reservation in posts/services
under the Central Government?
Only such persons would be
eligible for reservation in services / posts who suffer from not less than 40
per cent of relevant disability. A person who wants to avail of benefit of
reservation would have to submit a Disability Certificate issued by a competent
authority.
• Who is the competent authority to
issue Disability Certificate?
The competent authority to issue
Disability Certificate shall be a Medical Board duly constituted by the Central
or a State Government. The Central / State Government may constitute Medical
Board(s) consisting of at least three members out of which at least one shall
be a specialist in the particular field for assessing locomotor / cerebral /
visual / hearing disability, as the case may be.
• What is Physical Requirement and
Functional Classification (PR & FC)?
For a PH candidate, various Cadre
Controlling Authorities (CCAs) in consultation with M/o SJ&E have laid down
Physical Requirements and Functional Classification for sub categories of PH
categories i.e. Visual Impaired, Hearing Impaired and Locomotor Disability and
Cerebral Palsy(LDCP) in respect of services under their administrative control
and a candidate is required to meet PR and FC for that service for being
eligible to be allocated to that service.
• Where PR and FC are for various
services participating in CSE have been indicated?
These are indicated in Appendix
IV to CSE Rules 2014 which are also available on this department’s
website-----------.
• Who is PH for the purpose of
service allocation on the basis of CSE?
Candidate having disability more
than 40% is considered a PH category candidate and is eligible for allocation
of service against the vacancy reserved for PH category.
• Who can issue the disability certificate?
Disability Certificate can be
issued only by Central Standing Medical Board constituted by Central Government
or by the State Government comprising at least three members out of which at
least one is a specialist in the field of relevant disability.
• Whether there is prescribed
format for disability certificate?
Yes, there is a prescribed format for issue of disability certificate
• What is the date by which
disability certificate should have been issued to a candidate appearing in
CSE?
A
disability certificate in respect of candidate appearing CSE as PH candidate
must have been issue before last date for applying for appearing in CSE
(Prelims).
• Whether PH candidate would be
medically examined after interview?
Such candidates holding
disability certificate issued by the competent authority would be medically
examined by the CSMB in Safdarjang Hospital, Dr RML Hospital, Lady Hording
Medical College GTB Hospital and LNJP Hospital.
• Who is competent to give
permanent disability certificate?
CSMB in the above hospitals are
competent to give permanent disability certificate.
• Whether the disability
certificate can be denied without giving an opportunity to candidate?
No. Disability certificate can be
denied only after giving opportunity of being heard to the applicant. Also
after having representation of the applicant, CSMB may review its own decision
in view of the facts and circumstances of the case and pass such orders as
deemed fit and necessary.
Service
Allocation
• For how many services one can
indicate his/her preference?
A candidate shall be required to
mandatorily indicate order of preferences for all the services participating in
the Civil Services Examination for the year, in the application form for main
examination. No preference, zero preference and the same order of preference
for two or more services shall not be allowed in any case.
• Whether change of preference of
services once indicated is permitted?
No change in preferences of
services once indicated by a candidate would be permitted.
• I have not indicated preferences
for all the service for CSE 2012. What will happen if I do not get service for
which I have indicated preference?
You will be considered for
allocation of service against remaining services where vacancies are available
after allocations of all the candidates who could be allocated to those cadres
in accordance with their preferences.
• Who is General Merit (GM) or Meritorious
Reserved Category (MRC) candidate?
A candidate belonging to Reserved
Category but qualified in CSE on his/her own merit without availing any
relaxation like maximum age limit, number of attempts etc is called GM or MRC
candidate.
• What is Service allocation from Reserve List ?
Reserved Category candidate who
qualify on General Merit, are adjusted against unreserved vacancies. But in
case some GM/MRC candidates do not get service of their higher preference in UR
category, they are allowed to switch over to their own category leaving vacant
slots. In order to meet such situation, UPSC maintains to lists equal to number
of GM candidate - one of GM candidates and other of Reserved Category
candidates. These lists are called Reserved List.
• When requisitions are sent by
DOPT to UPSC for recommending names from Reserve List?
Requisition is sent to UPSC when
after service allocation from CSE (Main) List, it becomes clear as to whether a
particular GM candidate has been allocated service against unreserved vacancy
or has switched over to his/her category.
• What are the parameters on which
service allocation to a particular candidate is decided?
Service allocation to a
particular candidate is depending on rank of the candidate in CSE, his/ her
order of preference for service, his/her category, availability of vacancy in
his/her category at his /her turn and findings of Medical Board/Appellate Board
in respect of him/her.
• Whether success in Civil Services
Examination creates indefeasible right for appointment?
No. Success in the examination
does not confer indefeasible right for appointment unless Govt. is satisfied
after such enquiry as may be considered necessary that the candidate having
regard to his character & antecedents is suitable in all respects for
appointments to the service.
----------------
Source: http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02ser/CSE-FAQ.pdf
