LGO EXAM PAPER-1 MODEL PAPER-2012

model paper prepared and compiled by Akula. Praveen Kumar, SPM, Papannapet Sub Office-502 303, Medak Division, Andhra Pradesh

Disclaimer:- All questions/Information provided in this post are Compiled by A. Praveen Kumar for in good faith of Departmental Employees. The types of questions, number of questions and standard of questions may be vary in actual examination. This is my predictions only. Author of blog does not accepts any responsibility in relation to the accuracy, completeness, usefulness or otherwise, of the contents.

This is a practice paper only.

                                                 PAPER- 1

Instructions to Candidates
1. Answer All the Questions in 60 Minutes
2. Each question Carries “2” Marks
3. Round off the appropriate choice in OMR sheet

                               PART-A (General English)

Directions: -1-2: A word has been written in four different ways, out of which only one is correctly spelt. Find the correctly spelt word

1. 1) Resteurant             2) Restaurant            3) Resterant           4) Resteurent

2. 1) Sacer                    2) Sauser                  3) Saser                 4) Saucer

Directions: - 3-4:   Identify the silent letters in the following questions

3. Pneumonia

1) P                  2) U                    3) M              4) I

4. Taught

1) U                  2) A                    3) G               4) H

Directions: 5-7: Fill in the blanks with appropriate Verbs

5. It is quite dark here. Lease________ the light

1) Put            2) Burn               3) Switch         4) Switch on

6. Dr. Srinivas______ practicing Medicine since 1985

1) is               2) has been         3) had been           4) shell be

7. It is time for the shop to________ up

1) shut           2) be shut                3) being shut     4) have shut

Directions: 8-9: Fill in the blanks with appropriate Plurals

8. The ___ rooms are upstairs.

1) children's     2) childs                 3)children         4) childrens’

9. That is my ___ umbrella.

1) Fathers        2) father's               3) father           4) fathers'

10. When you write a letter where do you write the “Salutation” 

1) At the right hand side of the top of the page

2) In the centre of the page

3) Left hand side of the Paper

4) At the end of the letter

11. Where do you write your address in a letter? 

1) Left hand side of the page

2) Right hand side of the top of the page

3) Right hand side below the page

4) At the end of the letter

12. Supply the correct past tense of the verb in bracket

After she ______ (hear) the news, she hurried to see her friend

1) Hearing                2) hears              3) heard           4) none

Directions:-13-14. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Articles

13. The boys played ____ basketball yesterday afternoon

1) a                         2) an                   3) the                4) none

14. ___ ant is __ insect.

1) an - a                 2) an - an              3) the-a             4) none

Directions:-15-16. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Prepositions

15. I looked this word ___ in the dictionary, but I still don't understand it. 

1) from                   2) on                   3) up                 4) over

16. Have you read the article _____ Time magazine ____ Google?

1) on - on               2) to -on             3) in - on           4) from - on

Directions: 17-18:- Choose the word that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters.

17. FRUITLESS

1. Useless          2. Futile               3.Purposeful           4.Profitable

18. AWARE

1. Uncertain       2.Ignorant            3.Sure                    4. Doubtful

Directions: 19-20 choose the word that is most nearly same meaning to the word in capital letters.

19. ALERT

1. Energetic         2.Observant        3.Intelligent            4.Watchful

20. NEUTRAL 

1. Unbiased       2.Non-aligned         3.Undecided       4.Indifferent

                           PART-B (Arithmetic)

21. A number when divided by 114 leaves the reminder 21. If the same number is divided by 19 the remainder will be 

(1) 1            (2) 2                (3) 7             (4) 21

22. The sum of two numbers is 216 and their HCF is 27. The numbers are 

1) 27, 189    (2) 81,189       (3) 108, 108       (4) 154, 167

23. Which of the following fraction is the largest? 

(1) 7/8         (2) 13/16            (3) 31/40            (4) 63/80

24. 0.002 x 0.5 =? 

1) 0.0001      (2) 0.001          (3) 0.01               (4) 0.1

24. The greatest four digit perfect square number is 

1) 9000            (2) 9801          (3) 9900             (4) 9981

25. The least number to be subtracted from 1000 to get a number exactly divisible by 17 

1) 7                  (2) 13               (3) 14                  (4) 17

26. If a : b= 2 : 5 then 3a +4b : 4a +5b = 

1) 1:5               (2) 12:40          (3) 8:7                   (4) 26:33

27. The Percentage of 8 in 96 is 

1) 8                  (2)25/3            (3) 25/2                   (4) 16

28. 52. If A : B= 3 : 4 and B:C = 5 : 6 then A : C = equal to 
1) 1:2                 (2) 2:5           (3) 5:8                      (4) 7:11

29. Three numbers are in the ratio 4:5:6, and their average is 25. The largest number is 

1) 30                  (2) 32            (3) 36                        (4) 42

30. The average weight of 16 boys in a class room is 50.25 Kgs and that of the remaining 8 boys is 45.15 Kgs. Find the average weight of all the boys’ class room 
1) 47.55 Kgs      (2) 48 Kgs       (3) 48.55Kgs            (4) 49.25 Kgs

31. A, B and C start a business with investments 6000, 7000, 8000 respectively. The profit at the end of the year is Rs 3150/-. The share of the B in the profit 

1) 900                  (2) 1050           (3) 1200                    (4)1000

32. The total monthly salary of 4 men 2 women is Rs 46000. If a women earns Rs 500/-more than a man, what is monthly salary of a women 

1) 6500                  (2) 7500          (3) 8000                     (4) 9000

33. Rs 540 are to be distributed among Nisha, Lata, Prabha in the ratio 2:3:4, Nisha will get Rs. 
1) 125                     (2) 120              (3) 180                        (4) 240
34. A man is 24 years older than his son. In two years his age will be twice the age of his son. The present age of the son is 

1) 14                        (2) 18               (3) 20                           (4) 22

35. In a factory 40% of the employees are from Telangana and 10 % of them are from Medak. What Percent of the total employees are from Medak

1) 50                         (2) 30               (3) 10                           (4) 4

36. A and B cum do a piece of work in 6 days and A alone can do it in 9 days. In how many days B alone can do it 

1) 12                           (2) 14              (3) 16                             (4) 18

37. A watch is sold for Rs 1050 at a loss of 10%. The cost price of the watch is 

1) 1125                        (2) 1200           (3) 1188                      (4) 972

38. Rs 800 at 5% per annum compound interest will amount to 882 in 

1) 1 yr                         ( 2) 2 yrs             (3) 3yrs                       (4) 4 yrs

39. A sum becomes 3 times in 3 years in compound interest. How many times it will become in 9 years 

1) 9 times                     (2) 18 times         (3) 27 times                 (4) 36 times

40. A sum becomes Rs. 6600 in 4 years at % of Simple interest. Find the sum 

1) 6000                        (2) 5500                 (3) 5000                    (4) 6500

41. By selling an article for Rs 110, a man losses 12%. For how much should he sell to gain 8 % 

1) 135                           (2) 130                     (3) 140                      (4) 145

42. A man sold 2 watches for Rs 90/- each. On one watch he gained 10% and on the other he lost 10%. Find the percentage of gain or loss 

1) 1%                               (2) 3%                      (3) 2%                       (4) 4 %

43. A trader fixes the price of his goods 40% above the cost and then allows a discount of 25%. His profit is 

1) 15%                              (2) 10%                    (3) 5%                          (4) 2o%

44. A and B cum do a piece of work in 6 days and A alone can do it in 9 days. In how many days B alone can do it 

1) 12                                     (2) 14                      (3) 16                              (4) 18

45. 25 meters per second = ---------- Km per hour

1) 72                                       (2) 90                     (3) 54                             (4) 108

Directions: 46-50 :- To answer the questions, study the following chart and answer the questions that follow.

% of marks secured                                     % Students



90% to 100%                                                    3%

80% to90%                                                       7%

70 % to 80%                                                    15%

60% to 70%                                                      22%

50% t 60%                                                         33%

40% to 50%                                                      15%

Less than 40%                                                      5%


46. If the total no. Of students who took the exam was 800. How many secured above 70 % 

1) 120                             (2) 200                 (3) 60              (4) 100

47. How many secured 50% or less, if the total number of the students was 800 
1) 160                            (2) 120                   (3) 150              (4) 40

48. If the 12 students secured between 90% or more, what was the total number of students who took the exam 

1) 500                             (2) 400                     (3) 800            (4) 600

49. If 75 students secured between 70 and 80% how many secured between 60 and 70% 

1) 110                               (2) 66                       (3) 220            (4) 115

50. If total number of students who took the test was 600, how many secured between 80 and 90% 

1) 350                               (2) 450                      (3)320                (4) 420


Answers:-

1.--2, 2.—4, 3.—1, 4.—3, 5—4, 6-- 2, 7—2, 8—1, 9—2, 10—3, 11—2, 12—3, 13--4, 14--2 , 15-3

16—3, 17—4, 18—2, 19—4, 20—1, 21—2, 22—1, 23—1, 24—2, 25—3, 26—4, 27—2, 28—3, 

29-1, 30—3, 31—2, 32—3, 33—2, 34—4, 35—4, 36—4, 37—2, 38—2, 39—3, 40—3, 41—1, 

42—1, 43--3, 44—4, 45--2 , 46—1, 47—1, 48—2, 49—1, 50--4
 

IPO EXAMINATION 2012 POSTPONED

Vide Directorate order no : A-34012/07/2012-DE dt 22nd August 2012, the IPO examinations to be held on 8th and 9th September stands postpond and will be conducted on 15th and 16th September 2012

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OVER RS. 750 CR LYING IN INACTIVE POST OFFICE SAVING ACCOUNTS : GOVERNMENT.

The government today said around Rs 752 crore is lying as unclaimed deposits in more than 2.49 crore inactive savings accounts in post offices.

"Rs 752,44,57,414.03 is the amount lying in all inactive (silent) accounts as on March 31, 2011 in 2,49,59,446 accounts," Telecom Minister Kapil Sibal said in a written reply to Lok Sabha.

West Bengal led the tally of unclaimed deposits with over Rs 107 crore lying in 20.16 lakh accounts, followed by Tamil Nadu (Rs 105.87 crore in 62.72 lakh accounts) and Uttar Pradesh (Rs 68.61 crore in 21.74 lakh accounts).

"The depositor of such account can activate the account at any time by transaction. Notices are issued every year to the account holder of such accounts who are not maintaining minimum balance. Special drives are launched to re-activate such accounts by issuing notices and giving information through electronic media," Sibal said.

Responding to another query, Sibal said 79,604 complaints for non-delivery of Registered Letters, 41,794 for Speed Post and 8,257 related to Parcels were received in the April-June, 2012 period.

"Of these, 73,077 complaints for registered post, 38,154 for Speed Post and 6,147 for Parcels were addressed. As on June 30, 2012, 6,527 complaint cases of Registered Letters, 3,640 cases of Speed Post and 2,110 cases of Parcels are pending," Sibal said.

The major reason for the pendency are involvement of more than one postal circle/state in processing the complaints, time taken in making detailed inquiry or investigation and non-submission of the required details by the complainant in some cases, he added.

The Minister added that during 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12, departmental action has been initiated in 1,287 cases against postal employees and penalties have been imposed in 1,157 cases for non-delivery and loss of articles etc.

In a separate reply, Minister of State for Communications and IT Sachin Pilot said the Department of Posts' (DoP) volume as well as revenue from speed post has continuously increased over the years.

"The volume of Speed Post has increased from 21.14 crore in 2008-09 to 24.08 crore in 2009-10, 27.45 crore in 2010-11 to 39.19 crore in 2011-12," Pilot said.

Revenues from speed posts have also grown from Rs 515 crore in 2008-09 to Rs 614 crore in 2009-10, Rs 749 crore in 2010-11 and Rs 900 crore in 2011-12, he added.

Source : The Economic Times, August 22, 2012

Low Cost Aakash Tablet-Latest Development

The Minister of Human Resource Development Dr.D.Purandeswari replied in present session of Lok Sabha regarding supply of Low Cost Tablet Aakash to students which was proposed Under the National Mission on Education through Information Communication Technology (NMEICT) scheme, a Low Cost-Access-cum-Computing Device (LCAD) named Aakash was launched on 5th October, 2011.

As per information given by the Minister IIT, Rajsathan which handled this project procured 1,00,000 tablets in the first phase for supply to Higher Technical Education Institutions.

After the launch of this project, feedback were received from the users of these tablets. It revealed the machine needed improvement in the following aspects.

• heating of the device
• need for longer battery life
• need for capacitive instead of resistive touch screen
• need for better processor etc.

The matter was taken up with the vendor and he agreed to make changes including upgrading the processor from 366 MHz Arm 11 based processor to 700 MHz Arm Cortex A8 processor, improving firmware, replacing the battery of 2100 mAH with a battery of 3200 mAH capacity and replacement ofresistive touch screen with capacitive one with no enhancement in cost. As no payment was made by IIT Rajasthan to the vendor, hence, no loss has been incurred to the Government.

Courtesy : http://www.gconnect.in/

Revision of Medical Fee payable to Medical Officer for conducting Medical Examination of PLI / RPLI proponents

As communicated vide Directorate of Postal Life Insurance letter No.22-02/85-LI Vol III (Pt) dated 22-08-2012 the revised fees payable to Medical Officer for conducting Medical Examination of PLI / RPLI proponents will be as under from the date of issue of this letter:-

Amount of Sum Assured	Revised amount of fee payable (per proponent) (In`)
Upto the sum assured of `5 lacs	50/-
Above `5 lacs and upto `10 lacs of sum assured	60/-
Above `10 lacs of sum assured	70/-

National Minimum Wages

                Since the local conditions vary widely across the States, it is not feasible to have a uniform minimum wage for the whole country. The concept of National Floor Level Minimum Wage (NFLMW) was mooted on the basis of the recommendations of the National Commission on Rural Labour (NCRL) in 1991 with a view to have a uniform wage structure and to reduce the disparity in minimum wages across the country. Keeping in view the recommendation of NCRL and taking into account the rise in price indices, the NFLMW was initially fixed at Rs.35/- per day in 1996. The same has been revised from time to time and presently it is Rs.115/- w.e.f. 1.4.2011.

              Since NFLMW is a non-statutory measure, all the States/UT Governments have been requested that in none of the scheduled employments, the minimum wages should be less than the NFLMW. At present, there is a proposal to amend the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 to make the NFLMW statutory.

               A statement showing the range of minimum rates of wages for unskilled workers state-wise as available is annexed.

                Disparity in rates of minimum wages in various regions of the country is inevitable.  This is due to wide differences in socio-economic and agro-climatic conditions, prices of essential commodities, paying capacity, productivity and local conditions influencing the wage rate.  The regional disparity in minimum wages is also attributed to the fact that labour is in the concurrent list under the Constitution and both the Central and State Governments are the appropriate Governments to fix, revise and enforce minimum wages in scheduled employments in their respective jurisdictions.

            

                The Union Labour & Employment Minister Shri Mallikarjun Kharge gave this information in a written reply  in  Rajya Sabha today.

RANGE OF MINIMUM WAGES FOR UNSKILLED WORKERS IN DIFFERENT STATES/UNION TERRITORIES

Sl. No.	States/Union Territories	Range of Minimum Wage for Unskilled Workers (In Rs. Per day)
	Central Sphere*	162.00 - 270.00
	State Sphere
1	Andhra Pradesh*	69.00 -231.71
2	Arunachal Pradesh	134.62 - 153.85
3	Assam*	100.42
4	Bihar*	138.00 - 144.00
5	Chhattisgarh*	104.60 - 151.04
6	Goa	150.00 - 157.00
7	Gujarat*	100.00-181.80
8	Haryana*	186.42
9	Himachal Pradesh	120.00
10	Jammu & Kashmir	110.00
11	Jharkhand*	127.00-145.54
12	Karnataka*	130.08-220.73
13	Kerala*	85.20 - 353.00
14	Madhya Pradesh*	146.49 - 174.80
15	Maharashtra*	100.00 -248.15
16	Manipur	122.10
17	Meghalaya	100.00
18	Mizoram	132.00
19	Nagaland	80.00
20	Orissa*	92.50
21	Punjab*	154.46
22	Rajasthan*	135.00-166.46
23	Sikkim	130.00
24	Tamil Nadu*	88.29 - 222.35
25	Tripura	65.77 - 130.00
26	Uttar Pradesh*	100.00 - 171.20
27	Uttarakhand*	98.67 - 200.77
28	West Bengal*	112.50 -169.30
29	A & N Islands*	212.00 - 242.000
30	Chandigarh*	219.23
31	Dadra & Nagar Haveli*	156.20
32	Daman & Diu*	143.60
33	Delhi*	270.00
34	Lakshadweep*	200.00
35	Puducherry	100.00 - 205.00
	* = The  system of VDA is in vogue.
	11 States/UTs have no VDA

Source : PIB, August 22, 2012

OUR NEW DEMAND - 5 PROMOTIONS - ALONGWITH 7TH CPC

5 PROMOTIONS

{ EDITORIAL POSTAL LIFE – AUGUST - 2012}

In 1978, while entering in its Silver Jubilee Year, the NFPTE had organised its P&T Convention at Patna. The demand of “3 Promotions at 10, 20 and 25 years” for P&T employees was coined in that National Convention. This demand was necessitated by the fact that most of the P&T employees were retiring without even getting a single promotion in their long career in those days. The Clerical employees retired without even becoming LSG and the Postmen were retiring without even promoted as Sorting Postman or Head Postman / Mail Overseer Postman, the only hierarchical promotion available at that time. After much negotiations and struggles, ultimately the Government agreed two promotions and introduced TBOP and BCR Promotions on completion of 16 and 26 years. All P&T employees were thereafter ensured of at least two promotions. But the movement had paid some price including major punishments to cadres to win the demand of two promotions.

The introduction of TBOP and BCR promotions caused the hierarchical promotion of Sorting Postman / Mail Overseer Postman etc irrelevant as most of the Postmen staff attained TBOP and BCR promotion before getting the only regular promotion available. The Department also discontinued constituting the DPC to promote Postmen staff. Similar was the case with the Group ‘D’ staff also, in whose case the promotion to Jamedar Group ‘D’ was discontinued. Even though the Department had subsequently declared unilaterally that the TBOP/BCR is not a promotion but only a scheme of financial upgradation like ACP Scheme, the regular hierarchical  promotional ladder was not restored or updated to ensure regular promotion to Postman and Group ‘D’ cadres. However, the TBOP, BCR ensured two automatic upgradations financially.

Discriminatingly during the same time, the Officialdom did not satisfy itself with the available two or three promotions in its career but went ahead with repeated cadre restructuring schemes to ensure at least five promotions for the cadre of Officers! We see that an IPS Officer entering as SSPOs [Junior Time Scale Officer] in the Postal Department is ensured of five promotions at least in his career as Senior Time Scale, DPS, PMG, Chief PMG, Board Member and Director General. In Departments like Income Tax a Class I officer who enters as  Assistant Commissioner as an IRS Officer goes ahead with the promotions like Deputy Commissioner, Joint Commissioner, Additional Commissioner, Commissioner of Income Tax, Chief Commissioner of Income Tax, Board Member in CBDT and Chairman of CBDT. This is the case with all departments. The Government never cared for the promotional avenues of Group C and D employees while going on improving the career advancement of top officers.

The 6th Pay Commission also not cared much for ending the discrimination between the employees and officers in the central services. It simply recommended for only improving the periodicity of ACP financial upgradation from 12 and 24 years into 10 and 20 years through MACP. After much discussion in the JCM Standing Committee, the Government made only a marginal improvement by granting the third upgradation on completion of 30 years but created a lot of anomalies including taking away the benefit of parity with hierarchical promotions. The increase in number of up gradations to three necessitated us to switch over from TBOP/BCR system to MACP Scheme though we knew that under MACP the Promotees will not be granted equal number of up gradations like a direct recruitment. We however embraced the MACP for its benefits with the idea to focus the discrimination and set right it through our organisational efforts. Now, with the historic judgment of Jodhpur CAT, we have brighter chances of set righting the anomaly. But even that will not bring parity with the Officers, who are ensured of at least five promotions.

It is in this background that the NFPE raised it in the National Secretariat of the Confederation of CG Employees and the Confederation expanded its Charter of Demands into 15 Points by including the demand of Grant of 5 Promotions to all employees in their career on par with the Officers. This is a very important demand with far reaching implications in advancing the status of the Group C employees including the Postman and MTS.  The demand attains much more importance in the background of our cadre restructuring issue stagnating without any noticeable progress and at the initial level of discussions only. Proper popularisation of this new demand of 5 Promotions among all our membership is absolutely essential to create necessary tempo as we know very well that only when a new idea grips the minds of the employees it becomes a material force. We broke the stalemate in 1980s by strongly agitating for 2 Promotions. Let us now embrace the new demand of 5 Promotions and make it a reality soon. But everything depends on the rank and file organisation, which alone can succeed not only in popularising the new demand but also rousing the employees to agitate for the 15 Points charter of Confederation that focuses on 7th CPC, 50% merger of DA and grant of 5 Promotions etc. Time has come to end the discrimination between top officers and the bottom employees on number of promotions to advance the career prospects.

Source : http://nfpe.blogspot.in/

WATCH WHAT YOU POST ON FACEBOOK : HIRERS ARE ALL EYES

BANGALORE: A single unsavoury picture, post or comment on social media can rob you of your dream job. These are increasingly used as a talent sourcing and reference check-point. Irresponsible Facebooking, tweeting or any compromise of social media hygiene could lead to summary rejection.

There are already many cases where offer letters have been withdrawn, or employees have been fired after social media revealed unpleasant details about them.

Pavan Duggal, cyber law expert, said, "Enterprises are increasingly relying on social-media profiles of potential employees to determine their employability. If your social-media profile has an element that will show you in a negative light, then there are chances that your employment would be in jeopardy. Employers today are using social media and other real-time search engines to find out what others are talking about their employees and new hires.''

A fortnight ago, a young technology professional had to return his offer letter from a leading tech firm three days before joining, thanks to his social-media behaviour. The HR head of the company happened to see on Facebook an "objectionable picture'' of this candidate with his roommate with a "gay language'' caption.

A product company hired 29-year-old Rahul Keshav (name changed) as a project head. An excited Rahul started tweeting about his career move, the nature of the new job — all of which was supposed to be confidential. The next day, his new employer fired him for having compromised the confidentiality clause.

Elango R, chief human resources officer, MphasiS, said, "One's social-media behaviour has the potential to make or mar her personal and professional brand. One cannot be seen as an indiscreet individual on social networks. Behaving irresponsibly on public platforms can mean trouble.''

There are instances of HR heads asking for clarifications or explanations from their new recruits on the latter's "unhealthy'' or "questionable'' social media posts. "It could be a negative tweet on a former or current employer, a biased comment about women, a socially, religiously or politically provocative comment or picture. Social media today are an additional window for reference checks,'' said BS Murthy, CEO, Leadership Capital.

Saurabh Govil, senior vice-president (human resources), Wipro Technologies, said, "Looking at social media as an additional reference checkpoint is seen as a progressive trend globally, though we are yet to start it."

Source : The Times of India, August 21, 2012

PM'S OPENING REMARKS AT THE ALL PARTY MEETING ON RESERVATION IN PROMOTIONS

Following is the text of Prime Minister’s opening remarks at the All Party meeting on Reservation in promotions in New Delhi today: 

“Dear colleagues, I have called this meeting to discuss the issue of reservation in promotion specifically in respect of the decision of the Supreme Court in the case of U.P. Power Corporation Ltd. vs. Rajesh Kumar & Ors. wherein the Court has struck down provision of reservation in promotion to SCs and STs in the State of UP.

You may be aware that the Government had always been committed to protect the interests of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and on certain occasions did not hesitate even to bring constitutional amendments. 

You may recall that the Supreme Court in its judgment dated 16.11.1992 in the case of Indra Sawhney had, inter alia, held that reservation in promotion is ultra vires but allowed its continuation for five years from the date of judgment as a special case. The 77th amendment to the Constitution was made in 1995 inserting clause (4A) to Article 16 before expiry of five year which enabled the Government to continue reservation for SCs and STs in promotion. 

Clause (4A) of the Constitution was further modified through 85th amendment so as to give benefit of consequential seniority to SC/ST candidates promoted by reservation.

The 81st amendment was made to the Constitution whereby clause (4/B) was incorporated in Article 16 of the Constitution which permits to treat the backlog reserved vacancies as a separate and distinct group, to which the limit of 50% may not apply. This enables the Government to launch Special Recruitment Drives to fill up the backlog vacancies reserved for SCs/STs and OBCs. During the Drive of 2004, more than 60,000 backlog reserved vacancies were filled up. The Special Recruitment Drive, 2008 has already resulted in filling up of 43,781 vacancies. 

The 82nd amendment was made to the Constitution whereby a proviso was incorporated in Article 335 of the Constitution which enabled the State to give relaxations/concessions to the SC and ST candidates in the matter of promotion. 

The aforesaid four Constitutional amendments were made in order to protect the interests of the backward classes including Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The validity of all these four Amendments were challenged before the Supreme Court through various writ petitions clubbed together in M. Nagaraj & others vs. Union of India & others mainly on the ground that these altered the basic structure of the Constitution. 

In order to ensure that the case of Government is put effectively before the Supreme Court, Shri K.Parasaran, an eminent lawyer, having the experience of defending the interests of weaker sections, was engaged with the approval of the then Law Minister. It was through the efforts of the Government that the Supreme Court in its judgment dated 19.10.2006 in the matter of M. Nagaraj & others v. Union of India & others upheld the validity of all these four amendments. However, the Court stipulated that the concerned State will have to show in each case the existence of the compelling reasons, namely, backwardness, inadequacy of representation and overall administrative efficiency before making provision for reservation. The Court further held that the impugned provision is an enabling provision. If the State Government wish to make provision for reservation to SCs and STs in promotion, the State has to collect quantifiable data showing backwardness of the class and inadequacy of representation of that class in public employment in addition to compliance of Article 335. 

There were some Court cases filed in different states on the ground that the pre-requisite conditions as laid down by the Supreme Courts in M. Nagaraj case have not been observed while providing reservation in promotion. In the recent past the Supreme Court has struck down reservation in promotion in some states. The Government is exploring the possible solution of the current situation. Your suggestions will be of immense help to the Government to decide on the issue. I request you to provide your valuable suggestions so that a legally sustainable solution may be arrived at.” 

Source : PIB, August 21, 2012