സ്ത്രീകള്‍ എങ്ങിനെ വസ്ത്രം ധരിക്കണം എന്ന് പുരുഷന്‍ നിഷ്ക്കര്‍ഷിക്കുന്നത് ശരിയോ? അല്ലെങ്കില്‍ തിരിച്ചും?

Sunday, March 31, 2013

BURN A CD WITHOUT SOFTWARE.




 Windows XP comes with a builtin CD copy feature. If you are using a system which has not any burning software don’t worry. With the help of windows XP feature, you can write some data or any music files to a CD/DVD or erase it also.
 Main Requirement.
Before you erase or write a CD you need to enable the CD-R features n windows XP. For this purpose:
  • Double click on “My Computer
  • Right click on CD Drive and select “Properties”.
  • Select the last option “Recording
  • Select by clicking “Enable CD recording on this drive
  • Also select Fastest for quick writing speed.
  • And at last click “Ok”
  • You’re done. Now the windows XP is ready to write or erase any CD/DVD.

Method to Format the Disk.  
You are using the CD for writing purpose, make sure that disk is blank. You might need to format it before use. For this purpose
  • Insert a Rewritable CD/DVD into the drive.
  • Double click on “My Computer
  • Open CD-Rom drive.
  • Windows opens that shows the contents of the CD, on the left panel click on the menu. “Erase this CD-RW”.
  • On the windows “CD writing wizard” click “Next”
  • The wizard starts to erase or format the CD.
  • After complete process, the wizard will disappear.
  • You should confirm that windows don’t show any files on the CD,
  • It is complete now. You’re done.
Method to Burn a CD on XP without any software.  
  • At first insert a formatted CD (CD-R) disc into the CD drive.
  • Double click on “My Computer
  • Select the files & folders and press “Ctrl + c” to copy.
  • Double click on CD Rom drive and press “Ctrl + v” to paste.
  • You will see as temporary files/folders at this time.
  • Select “Write these files to CD” on the left panel.
  •  The window “CD Writing Wizard” appears.
  • Window shows default name of CD but you can change the CD name if you wish, then click “Next
  • The “CD Writing Wizard” starts to write files to the CD.
After the successful completion of the CD Writing process, the wizard will disappear and the CD Rom ejects CD automatically.

Courtesy :
http://bnjho.blogspot.in/

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TFT AND LCD.




This is a common question when have been asked about several times by many people. Every body wants to know that what is the difference between a LCD and TFT. So i figured out, i should answer this question for anyone who has doubts.

LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display... and 
TFT stands for Thin Film Transistor.

TFT is not really different from LCD. It comes from the family of LCD technology. We can say that it is a modern version of the LCD Technology. A TFT provide a well improved image quality. 
There are two typs of display quality. 1st one is Matty and 2nd is Grossy. Matty display is called LCD and Grossy display is called as TFT. LCD and TFT consumes less power energy as compared to CRT (Cathode ray tube).
Now a days TFT has been used for mobile phone devices, projectors, nevigation systems as well as TVs and computer monitors.

Courtesy : http://bnjho.blogspot.in

INSTALL WINDOWS XP FASTER





In this post I will tell you about installation of win XP in minimum time period. Normally when someone tries to install windows XP on computer, it takes around 30-40 min to complete entire setup. It is too much time to install windows setup. I will tell you a method to install windows more faster. It will take approximately 15 minutes to complete windows installation. So to install win XP in short time please follow these steps.


Power on your computer and start with bootable windows XP cd 
In first step window will load installation files. 
Select any drive ( C: ) for installation. 
Select NTFS to format the partition. 
Setup will copy files on this drive and it will try to restart PC. 
After restarting when you see Xp logo, press (Shift+F10). 
It will open (CMD) prompt. 
In CMD prompt type (Taskmgr) 
It will open task manager. Now go to “process” tab and find “Setup exe” Right click on setup.exe and select “Set priority”
You will see a submenu. Here priority will be normal. Select priority to (High)  or above (Normal).
Done. 

This will complete installation process much faster than the normal original time.
Try it….......

Courtesy : http://bnjho.blogspot.in

Saturday, March 30, 2013

FAQ on Study Leave - Dopt Orders



Dopt has issued orders as FAQ regarding the subject of Study Leave...

Study Leave
SI. No. / Frequently asked Questions / Answer 
1. What is the maximum amount of study leave which can be availed? 
The maximum amount of study leave for other than CHS officers is restricted to twenty four months during the entire service period and ordinarily it can be allowed for upto twelve months at a time. (Rule 51(1)}. For CHS officers the ceiling is for 36 months for acquiring PG qualifications. (Rule 51(2)}. 

2. Whether study leave can be clubbed with other leave? 
Yes. Study leave may be combined with other kinds of leave, but in no case shall be grant of this leave in combination with leave, other than extraordinary leave involve a total absence of more than twenty eight months generally and thirty-six months for the courses leading to PhD. degree from the regular duties of the Government servant. (Rule 54) 
3. What is the validity period of bond to be executed by the Government servant while proceeding on study leave? 
Government servant is required to execute a bond to serve the Government for a period of three years after expiry of study leave. For CHS officers the period is five years. (Rule 55). 
4. Whether a Govt. servant who has been granted study leave may be allowed to resign to take up a post in other Ministries/ Department of the Central Govt. within the bond period? 
As per rule 50(5) (iii), a Govt. servant has to submit a bond to serve the Govt. for a period of 3 years. As the Govt. servant would still be serving Government in a Department other than parent Department, he may be allowed to submit his resignation to take up another post within the Central Govt. if he had applied for the post through proper channel. 
Source: www.persmin.nic.in
[http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02est/Leave-25032013.pdf]

Dopt clarification on Commuted Leave



Dopt clarification on Commuted Leave 


SI.No. / Frequently asked Questions / Answer

1. Whether commuted leave is admissible based on medical certificates of Hospitals/Medical Practitioner approved by approved by the employer of the spouse in cases where the concerned employee has been allowed to avail such facilities from the employer of the spouse?


Leave on medical grounds may be allowed  on the basis of certificates issued by Hospitals/Medical Practitioners approved by the employer of the spouse in cases.

Source: www.persmin.nic.in
[http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02est/Leave-25032013.pdf]

Whether interest is payable on delayed payment of leave encashment dues?


Interest on Leave Encashment 

SI. No. / Frequently asked Questions / Answer

1. Whether interest is payable on delayed payment of leave encashment dues? 


No. There is no provision in the CCS (Leave) Rules 1972 for payment of interest on leave encashment.

Source: www.persmin.nic.in
[http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02est/Leave-25032013.pdf]

Leave Encashment on Suspension/Dismissal/Removal - Dopt Clarification Orders


Leave Encashment on Suspension/Dismissal/Removal 
Sl.No. /  Frequently asked Questions / Answer 
1. Whether leave encashment can be sanctioned to a Govt. servant on his superannuation while under suspension? 
Leave encashment may be allowed in such cases. However, Rule 39(3) of CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972 allows withholding of leave encashment in the case of a Govt. servant who retires from service on attaining the age of superannuation while under suspension or while disciplinary or criminal proceedings are pending against him, if in view of the authority there is a possibility of some money becoming recoverable from him on conclusion of the proceedings against him. On conclusion of the proceedings he/she will become eligible to the amount so withheld after adjustment of Government dues, if any. 

2. Whether leave encashment can be sanctioned to a Govt. servant on his dismissal/removal, from service? 
A government servant, who is dismissed/removed from service, ceases to have any claim to leave at his credit from the date of such dismissal, as per rule 9(1). Hence he is not entitled to any leave encashment. 
Source: www.persmin.nic.in
[http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02est/Leave-25032013.pdf]

SB Orders of 2013




SB Order 01/2013
Amendment in Rule 4A of Post Office Savings Account Rules 1981 thereby allowing deposits other than wages under MGNREGA into Workers Wage Accounts

SB Order 02/2013
Enhancement of limit for verification of withdrawals from Savings Accounts made at Extra Departmental Sub/Branch Post Offices and Single Handed Post Offices

SB Order 03/2013
Identification of PPF(HUF) accounts and admissibility of interest in such accounts

SB Order 04/2013
Revision in Interest Rates of Small Savings Schemes w.e.f. 01st April 2013


http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Pdf/Manuals/SB_Orders_2013.pdf

DOWNLOAD All SB Orders of 2012 
http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Pdf/Manuals/SB_Orders_2012.pdf


Source: http://www.indiapost.gov.in

Direct Recruitment PA/SA Examination - Status of Application/Admit Card




Dates of Examination (Phase/Date/Circles)

Phase I - April 21, 2013 (Sunday)-Gujarat, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu

Phase II - May 05, 2013 (Sunday)- Assam, MadhyaPradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, North East, Odhisha, West Bengal

Phase III - May 13, 2013 (Sunday)- Delhi, Haryana, HP, J&K, Punjab, Rajasthan, U.P, U.K, Bihar



Friday, March 29, 2013

Payment of product promotion allowance to the staffs engaged in booking of WNX articles:-Regarding



Govt Servant remaining away from duty without - authorisation/grant of leave - Consolidated instructions relating to action warranted - Rule position clarification by DoPT



No. 13026/3/2012-Estt (Leave)
Government of India
Ministry of Personnel, P.G. & Pensions
(Department of Personnel & Training)

New Delhi, the 28th March, 2013.
OFFICE MEMORANDUM

Subject:- Consolidated instructions relating to action warranted against Government servants remaining away from duty without - authorisation/grant of leave — Rule position



The undersigned is directed to say that various references are being received from Ministries/Departments seeking advice/post facto regularisation of unauthorised absence. It has been observed that due seriousness is not being accorded by the administrative authorities to the various rule provisions, inter alia under the CCS(Leave) Rules, 1972, for taking immediate and appropriate action against Government servants staying away from duty without prior sanction of leave or overstaying the periods of sanctioned leave. It is reiterated that such absence is unauthorised and warrants prompt and stringent action as per rules. It has been observed that concerned administrative authorities do not follow the prescribed procedure for dealing with such unauthorised absence.



2. In view of this, attention of all Ministries/Departments is invited to the various provisions of the relevant rules, as indicated in the following paragraphs for strict adherence in situations of unauthorised absence of Government servants. It is also suggested that these provisions may be brought to the notice of all the employees so as to highlight the consequences which may visit if a Government servant is on unauthorised absence. The present OM intends to provide ready reference points in respect of the relevant provisions, hence it is advised that the relevant rules, as are being cited below, are referred to by the competent authorities for appropriate and judicious application. The relevant provisions which may be kept in mind while considering such cases are indicated as follows:
(a) Proviso to FR 17(1)

The said provision stipulates that an officer who is absent from duty without any authority shall not be entitled to any pay and allowances during the period of such absence.


(b) FR 17-A

The said provision inter alia provides that where an individual employee remains absent unauthorisedly or deserts the post, the period of such absence shall be deemed to cause an interruption or break in service of the employee, unless otherwise decided by the competent authority for the purpose of leave travel concession and eligibility for appearing in departmental examinations, for which a minimum period of service is required.
(c) Rule 25 of the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972
The said provision addresses the situation where an employee overstays beyond the sanctioned leave of the kind due and admissible, and the competent authority has not approved such extension. The consequences that flow from such refusal of extension of leave include that:
     i the Government servant shall not be entitled to any leave salary for such absence;
    ii the period shall be debited against his leave account as though it were half pay leave to the extent such leave is due, the period in excess of such leave due being treated as extraordinary leave
    iii wilful absence from duty after the expiry of leave renders a Government servant liable to disciplinary action.
With respect to (iii) above, it may be stated that all Ministries/ Departments are requested to ensure that in all cases of unauthorised absence by a Government servant, he should be informed of the consequences of such absence and be directed to rejoin duty immediately/ within a specified period, say within three days, failing which he would be liable for disciplinary action under CCS (CCA) Rules, 1965. It may be stressed that a Government servant who remains absent without any authority should be proceeded against immediately and this should not be put off till the absence exceeds the limit prescribed under the various provisions of CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972 and the disciplinary case should be conducted and concluded as quickly as possible.
(d) Rule 32(6) of the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972

This provision allows the authority competent to grant leave, to commute retrospectively periods of absence without leave into extraordinary leave under Rule 32(6) of CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972. A similar provision also exists under rule 27(2) of the CCS (Pension) Rules, 1972. It may please be ensured that discretion allowed under these provisions is exercised judiciously, keeping in view the circumstances and merits of each individual case. The period of absence so regularised by grant of extra ordinary leave shall normally not count for the purpose of increments and for the said purpose it shall be regulated by provisions of FR 26(b(ii).
3. All Ministries/ Departments should initiate appropriate action against delinquent Government servants as per rules.
4. Hindi version will follow.
Sd/-
(Mukesh Chaturvedi)
Deputy Secretary to the Govt. of India 

Source: Click here to download www.persmin.nic.in
 
 To view Department of Personnel and Training OM No. 130-26/3/2012-Estt(Leave) dated 28th March, 2013, please CLICK HERE.

SB Order 4/2013 : Revision in Interest Rates of Small Savings Schemes w.e.f 1st April 2013




To view SB order 4/2013 dated 26/3/2013, please CLICK HERE.

UPSC withdraws mandatory English norm in civil services exams




UPSC, which conducts the prestigious examination to select IAS, IPS and IFS officers among other, issued a corrigendum on Tuesday restoring the earlier practice of two qualifying papers in any Indian language and English, the marks obtained on which will not be counted for ranking.
"The papers on Indian languages and English will be of matriculation or equivalent standard and will be of qualifying nature only. The marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for ranking," it said.
The aim of papers on Indian language and English is to test the candidates' ability to read and understand serious discursive prose, and to express their ideas clearly and correctly, the corrigendum said.
There will also be separate papers on "ethics, integrity and aptitude" and "essay" of 250 marks each for the candidates taking the mains examination.
The paper on ethics, integrity and aptitude will include questions to test candidates' attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem- solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society.
The aspirants will be required to write an essay on a specific topic and in their own choice of language.
Under the earlier controversial norm put forth by the Commission, a language would be allowed as the medium of examination only if a minimum of 25 candidates wanted it.
"It may also be noted that there is no change in the pattern of Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, which will be held on May 26, 2013," UPSC said.
UPSC had on 5th March issued a circular giving more weightage to English language.
The move had led to an uproar inside and outside Parliament forcing the government to keep it in abeyance on 15th March.
Minister of State for Personnel V Narayanasamy had told Lok Sabha that 'status quo ante' will be maintained on the suggested changes.
Now, a candidate would be allowed to take up literature as an optional subject "without the conditionality of having to do his/her graduation in that language's literature."
From Civil Services (Mains) exams, 2013, there will be two qualifying papers of 300 marks each and five compulsory general studies papers (including one on ethics, integrity and aptitude) of 250 marks each, in addition to one optional paper of 250 marks.
There will also be a interview, for those who qualify the written exam, of 275 marks, taking the total of mains examination marks to 2025.
The last date for filling online application for civil services preliminary examination is 4th April.
The Mains Examination will be called sometime in August/September, this year. 

Thursday, March 28, 2013

ക്രീമി ലെയര്‍ മുകളിലേക്ക്


1
OBC വിഭാഗത്തിലെ ക്രീമി ലയറിനെ തീരുമാനിക്കാനുള്ള വാര്‍ഷിക വരുമാന പരിധി 6 ലക്ഷം രൂപയായി കേന്ദ്ര മന്ത്രിസഭ ഉപസമതി പുനര്‍ നിര്‍ണയം ചെയ്തിരിക്കുകയാണ്. എന്നാല്‍ National Commission for Backward Classes ആവശ്യപ്പെടുന്നത് ക്രീമി ലയറിനെ തീരുമാനിക്കാനുള്ള വാര്‍ഷിക വരുമാനത്തിന്റെ പരിധി നഗര പ്രദേശങ്ങളില്‍ 12 ലക്ഷം രൂപയും ഗ്രാമങ്ങളില്‍ 9 ലക്ഷം രൂപയും ആക്കണമെന്നാണ്. വാര്‍ഷിക വരുമാനത്തിന്റെ പരിധി ഇത്രയും ഉയര്‍ത്തുന്നത് സംവരണത്തിന് അര്‍ഹരാകുന്നവരുടെ എണ്ണം ക്രമാതീതമായി കൂട്ടുമെന്നും അത് OBC വിഭാഗങ്ങളിലെ നിര്‍ധനരായവരെ പ്രതികൂലമായി ബാധിക്കുമെന്നുമാണ് മന്ത്രിസഭ ഉപസമതിയുടെ തലവന്‍ P ചിദംബരം അഭിപ്രായപ്പെട്ടത്. എന്നാല്‍ ധാരാളം സംവരണ തസ്തികകള്‍ ഒഴിഞ്ഞു കിടക്കുന്നതാണ് വരുമാന പരിധി ഉയര്‍ത്തുന്നതിന് പ്രധാന കാരണമായി NCBC എടുത്തു പറയുന്നത്. കോണ്‍ഗ്രസ്സിലെ OBC വിഭാഗം, സമാജ് വാദി പാര്‍ടി, RJD, DMK, IUML തുടങ്ങി പല പാര്‍ടികളും NCBC പറയുന്നത് പോലെ വരുമാന പരിധി ഉയര്‍ത്തി നിശ്ചയിക്കണമെന്ന് ആവശ്യപ്പെടുന്നവരാണ്.
മണ്ഡല്‍ കമ്മീഷന്‍ റിപ്പോര്‍ട്ടിന്റെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തില്‍ 1990 ല്‍ ആണ് V P സിംഗ് മന്ത്രിസഭ OBC വിഭാഗങ്ങള്‍ക്ക് 27% സംവരണം നല്‍കാന്‍ തീരുമാനം എടുത്തത്. ഇത് നാടെങ്ങും ഒരു വിഭാഗം ജനങ്ങളുടെ അതി ശക്തമായ പ്രതിഷേധത്തിന് കാരണമായി. തുടര്‍ന്ന് സുപ്രീം കോടതി ഈ തീരുമാനം സ്റ്റേ ചെയ്യുകയുണ്ടായി. രണ്ടു വര്‍ഷത്തിനു ശേഷം സുപ്രീം കോടതിയുടെ 9 അംഗ ഭരണ ഘടനാ ബഞ്ച് OBC വിഭാഗത്തിലെ “ക്രീമി ലെയര്‍ ” നെ ഒഴിവാക്കിക്കൊണ്ട് 27% സംവരണം നല്‍കാനുള്ള തീരുമാനത്തെ അംഗീകരിക്കുകയാണ് ചെയ്തത്. പിന്നോക്കക്കാരിലെ മുന്നോക്കക്കാരെ (ക്രീമി ലെയര്‍ ) തീരുമാനിക്കാനുള്ള വരുമാന പരിധി കാലാകാലങ്ങളില്‍ പുനര്‍ നിര്‍ണയം ചെയ്യാറുണ്ട്. വാര്‍ഷിക വരുമാനം 1 ലക്ഷം രൂപയില്‍ കൂടുതലുള്ളവരെ 1993 ല്‍ ക്രീമി ലെയര്‍ ആയി നിശ്ചയിച്ചു. പിന്നീട് 2004 ല്‍ അത് 2.5 ലക്ഷം രൂപയായും 2008 ല്‍ 4.5 ലക്ഷം രൂപയായും ഇപ്പോള്‍ അത് 6 ലക്ഷം രൂപയായും ഉയര്‍ത്തിയിരിക്കുകയാണ്.
OBC വിഭാഗത്തിനു അനുവദിച്ചു നല്‍കിയ സംവരണത്തിന്റെ സാധൂകരണത്തെക്കുറിച്ചു ഇനി ചര്‍ച്ച നടത്തേണ്ട ആവശ്യമില്ല, കാരണം വളരെ വിശദമായ പരിശോധനകള്‍ക്ക് ശേഷമാണ് സുപ്രീം കോടതിയുടെ 9 അംഗ ഭരണ ഘടനാ ബഞ്ച് സംവരണത്തിന് അനുമതി നല്‍കിയത്. പിന്നോക്ക വിഭാഗങ്ങളിലെ മുന്‍ നിരക്കാര്‍ക്ക് സംവരണം നല്കിയായ്ല്‍ അത് അവരിലെ പിന്‍ നിരക്കാരുടെ അവസരം നിഷേധിക്കുന്നതിനിടയാകും എന്നുള്ളത് കൊണ്ടാണ് ക്രീമി ലെയര്‍ എന്ന ഒരു നിര്‍വചനം കൂടി സംവരണത്തിന്റെ അര്‍ഹതയുടെ ഭാഗമായി സുപ്രീം കോടതി ചേര്‍ത്തത്. ക്രീമി ലെയര്‍ തീരുമാനിക്കാനുള്ള വരുമാന പരിധി വളരെ അധികം ഉയര്‍ത്തിയാല്‍ അത് സംവരണം അനുവദിച്ചപ്പോള്‍ സുപ്രീം കോടതിക്കുണ്ടായിരുന്ന താല്പര്യത്തിനു വിരുദ്ധമാകും, ഇനി ഈ പരിധി വളരെ അധികം താഴ്ത്തിയാലോ? പിന്നോക്കരിലെ വലിയൊരു വിഭാഗം സംവരണത്തിന്റെ സംരക്ഷണത്തില്‍ നിന്നും പുറത്താകുന്ന സ്ഥിതിയും ഉണ്ടാകും. ഇത് OBC വിഭാഗങ്ങള്‍ക്ക് ഇനി സംവരണം ആവശ്യമില്ല എന്ന അനുമാനത്തിലേക്കെത്താനും ഇടയാക്കും. ഈ ഒരു സാഹചര്യത്തിലാണ് ക്രീമി ലെയര്‍ എവിടെ തുടങ്ങണം എന്ന നിര്‍വചനത്തിന് പ്രസക്തിയേറുന്നത്.
സാമൂഹികവും സാമ്പത്തികവുമായ പുരോഗതി എല്ലാ സംസ്ഥാനങ്ങളിലും ഒരു പോലെ അല്ല. അതുപോലെ തന്നെ പിന്നോക്ക വിഭാഗക്കാര്‍ അവര്‍ക്ക് ലഭിക്കുന്ന അവസരങ്ങള്‍ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് സമൂഹത്തിന്റെ മുഖ്യ ധാരയിലേക്ക് വരുന്നതും രാജ്യത്തെല്ലായിടത്തും ഒരുപോലെ അല്ല. ഈ കാര്യത്തിലും കേരളത്തിലേക്കാണ് മാതൃകക്കായി പലരും നോക്കുന്നത്. കേരള സര്‍ക്കാരിന്റെയും സര്‍ക്കാരിന്റെ അധീനതയിലുള്ള മറ്റു സ്ഥാപനങ്ങളിലേയും പിന്നോക്ക ജന വിഭാഗങ്ങളുടെ പ്രാതിനിധ്യത്തെ കുറിച്ച് പഠിക്കാന്‍ 2000 ത്തില്‍ അന്നത്തെ സര്‍ക്കാര്‍ നിയോഗിച്ച ജെസ്റ്റീസ് നരേന്ദ്രന്‍ കമ്മീഷന്‍ 2001 ല്‍ സമര്‍പ്പിച്ച റിപ്പോര്‍ട്ട് ചില കാര്യങ്ങളിലേക്ക് വിരല്‍ ചൂണ്ടുന്നുണ്ട്. കേരളത്തിലെ ഈഴവര്‍ക്ക് അവരുടെ ജനസംഖ്യാ അനുപാതത്തില്‍ സര്‍ക്കാര്‍ തലത്തില്‍ ഉദ്യോഗം ലഭിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ടെന്ന് ജെസ്റ്റീസ് നരേന്ദ്രന്‍ കമ്മീഷന്‍ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്‍റെ റിപ്പോര്‍ട്ടില്‍ പറയുന്നു. അതിന്റെ ചുരുക്കം ഇവിടെ വായിക്കാം. എന്നാല്‍ അവരുടെ സാമൂഹികമായ പിന്നോക്കാവസ്ഥ ഇപ്പോഴും നിലനില്‍ക്കുന്നു. സമീപ കാലത്ത് കേരളത്തിലെ മുസ്ലിം ജനങ്ങളില്‍ ഉണ്ടായ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസപരമായ ഉണര്‍വും പൊതുവേ ശ്രദ്ദിക്കപ്പെടുന്നുണ്ട്. എന്നാല്‍ ഇവര്‍ക്കെല്ലാം ലഭിച്ച സംവരണാനുകൂല്യങ്ങള്‍ മാത്രമല്ല കേരളത്തിലുണ്ടായ നേട്ടങ്ങള്‍ക്ക്‌ കാരണം. ഇവിടെ നടന്നു വരുന്ന സാമൂഹിക ക്ഷേമ പദ്ധതികളുടെ ഫലപ്രാപ്തിയും കേരള ജനത പ്രകടിപ്പിക്കുന്ന സാമൂഹിക പക്വതയും ഒപ്പം നില്‍ക്കുന്ന കാരണങ്ങളാണ്.
2006-2007 വര്‍ഷങ്ങളില്‍ കേരളത്തിലെ നിലവാരത്തില്‍ പിന്നോക്കമായിരുന്ന അല്ലെങ്കില്‍ പിന്നോക്കക്കാര്‍ അധികമുള്ള ചില സ്കൂളുകളിലെ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ നിലവാരം കൂട്ടുന്നതിനു വേണ്ടി നടത്തിയ ഒരു ശ്രമത്തെപ്പറ്റി അന്നത്തെ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ മന്ത്രി സഖാവ് M A ബേബി എഴുതിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. അവസരങ്ങള്‍ നല്‍കുകയും അത് വേണ്ട വിധം ഉപയോഗപ്പെടുത്തുകയും ചെയ്‌താല്‍ ഉണ്ടാക്കാനാവുന്ന നേട്ടം ഇതില്‍ നിന്ന് മനസിലാക്കാന്‍ കഴിയും. ജെസ്റ്റീസ് നരേന്ദ്രന്‍ കമ്മീഷന്‍ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്‍റെ റിപ്പോര്‍ട്ട് ഉപസംഹരിച്ചത്‌ ഇങ്ങനെയാണ്, “Reservation for Backward Classes is only a means to an end, not an end in itself. It cannot be a permanent feature.” ഈ വിഷയത്തില്‍ വളരെ പ്രസക്തമായ ഒരഭിപ്രായമാണിത്
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Protect your Password


Password protection is a priority.
Today advanced hardware makes it easy to crack passwords. In such a scenario, what should users do to prevent hackers? Geeta Padmanabhan has the lowdown

If you thought your clever password was something no one could hack, well, you are in denial. Consultancy firm Deloitte reports that 90 per cent of user-generated passwords are vulnerable to hacking. What, even my traditional (clever) combo of eight characters complicated by numbers, letters and symbols? Yes.

Last year, Zappos.com lost names, email-IDs, phone numbers and partial credit card numbers of 24 million customers. LinkedIn admitted its user passwords were “compromised”. Some 400,000 Yahoo email-ID passwords were hacked last July. In 2011, 77 million passwords were stolen from Sony’s PlayStation Network. GoDaddy's passwords were breached. FBI, NBC-sites, 112 Indian government sites found their “secure” passwords “exposed”. If it's any consolation, Taliban sites were successfully attacked too. Just check out what services like “iFramers” do to hacked websites.

RE-USING PASSWORDS

How did our passwords get so susceptible? Longer passwords infused with @, *, % symbols are difficult to remember, so we pick a small subset from them — and they get cracked. We slip-up by re-using passwords. Credit-checking firm Experian found that the average user has 26 password-protected online accounts but uses only five different passwords. Deloitte says 10,000 most common passwords access 98 per cent of all accounts. When you key in the same password for online banking and Warhammer, a security breach at the gaming site compromises the bank account password.
Even long passwords aren't safe, says Ashwini Rao, researcher at Carnegie Mellon University. Sentence-like/phrase-like passwords such as “abiggerbetterpassword” and “thecommunistfairy”, postal addresses, email IDs and URLs also make for less secure passwords now, she says.
Blame it on advances in password-cracking hardware. “It's called a brute-force attack,” says techie Mahesh, explaining its nuances. “Powerful computers/laptops try every possible permutation-combination to find the “right” one, no intelligence involved.” Creep! Our eight-character password, created from the 94-character keyboard is one of 6.1 quadrillion possible combinations. “A dedicated password-cracking machine employing virtualisation software and high-powered graphics-processing units can crack any eight-character password in 5.5 hours,” the Deloitte report said. Nefarious, says Mahesh. “A computer working alone may not be able to dig, say, military networks. So a zombie machine, could be yours, is roped in for the hack job. It's a small percentage of your CPU; you pay for unlimited time, so how will you know? Hey! “Wait,” he says. “There is also crowd hacking, where hackers share the power of thousands of machines to infiltrate the target. At no cost.”
Help! Twitter and Adobe re-set thousands of passwords after “embarrassing” goof-ups. Google alerts you on unusual mob-phone activity. It also wants you to insert Yubikey, a smart-chip embedded tiny key that goes into the USB drive, unlocks and automatically logs onto all your accounts without asking for a password. Yubikey works on Windows/Mac/Linux/iPad/Firefox/Chrome, and is waterproof, crush-safe, needs no battery or clients software/drivers. With a simple touch the YubiKey sends a one-time-password (OTP) as if typed. The unique passcode is verified by a YubiKey compliant app. Fine. “Things like YubiKey are definitely more secure as they support random passwords and provide two-factor authentication,” says Mahesh. “Corporates use them on a day-to-day basis because they are mandatory, but you will use it a lot less since it's optional.” You could lose it, you need to insert it, and always type in a master password to access websites. Too much!
“Multi-layer authentication” is possible. You log onto your credit card issuer’s site, type in your username/password, send another code/password to smartphone, and go online. Not terribly convenient! Password vaults or password safes (paid tools) offer you a central place to store all your passwords, encrypted and protected by — you guessed it — a password or token. These, presumably, are not easily cracked. Firefox can save user names and passwords for online services like banking.
Go for poor grammar and spelling, says Ashwini Rao. Hurray! Since “brute” searches for proper combo-words and grammar, you hoodwink it by staying outside the dictionary. She suggests phrases such as “Pineapplesi$nise”, “Exitingplan$isafoot”, that is, if you can memorise the deliberate mistakes. Try “eat cake at 8!” or “car_park_city?” (Idontnohowtospal.com). The high-tech crowd touts a biometric solution, but it has its hiccups. Smartphones ask you to connect nine dots — easy, many combos, visual/tactile (touch to remember). Connecting fewer dots generates more combinations.

FOLLOW GOOD PASSWORD PRACTICES

Never share your password. Avoid using non-secure networks at public places to send private information. Change password after using a non-secure network, change it frequently. Never store your password in a program. “I use Lastpass — a password manager and form-filler,” says Mahesh. “and a secure operating system like Linux. All codes are out in the open, so it is easier to review.” Mmmm... will you consider becoming a hacktivist? If you do, let me know.
Source : the Hindu