സ്ത്രീകള്‍ എങ്ങിനെ വസ്ത്രം ധരിക്കണം എന്ന് പുരുഷന്‍ നിഷ്ക്കര്‍ഷിക്കുന്നത് ശരിയോ? അല്ലെങ്കില്‍ തിരിച്ചും?

Monday, December 19, 2011

How to crack Civil Services Exams (IAS,IPS,IFS) in first attempt...!

How to crack civil services exams(IAS,IPS,IFS) in first attempt...!


The IAS Exam in 2012 will be special .Not only will it feature the new CSAT syllabus introduced from 2011 onwards but also the pattern will be different from the 2011 IAS exam. This hub explains all the details relating to the 2012 IAS Exam including the procedure, syllabus, possible exam pattern, books to refer, and tips to crack the 2012 IAS exam.



IAS Exam 2012: The Basics

The IAS Exam will consist of three stages: Prelims, Mains, and Interview (Personality Test). While the Preliminary exam will be objective in nature, the mains will be written while the personality test is verbal.
You have to clear the preceding stage to reach the next stage of IAS 2012 Exam. For instance you will need to first crack the IAS prelims, then appear for the mains, and based on the marks obtained you may be called for the IAS interview, the final frontier.

APPLYING FOR THE 2012 IAS EXAM


To appear for the IAS exam you will first need to apply for it. All the three stages of the IAS exam are conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), a Constitutional body answerable to the Union Parliament.
The notification for the Civil Services Preliminary Examination (or just IAS prelims) will appear in the Employment News and on UPSC's website on 04-02-2012 and you can apply either online or through application forms available at the Head Post Offices throughout cities in India.
Remember: You cannot directly appear for the Mains or Interview. Rather you have to first apply for the Preliminary examination conducted by UPSC before proceeding to the next stage.
The last date of receipt of your application is 05-03-2012. At this stage you don't have to send any documents about your age or educational qualifications. They will be required at the time of filling the IAS Mains form.
The Preliminary exam or the first stage of the IAS Exam 2012 will be held on 20-05-2012.
The 2012 IAS Prelims: What You Need to Know

Here is some basic and important information about the Prelims if you intend to appear for the ias exam in 2012.

  • The IAS Prelims will be objective in nature and consist of two papers compulsoryto all
  • Most questions carry a negative penalty or negative marking of 0.33 marks for each wrong answer
  • Each paper will of 200 marks each and 2 hours in duration. The number of questions in each paper is not fixed and can vary every year
  • You have to appear for both papers, held on the same day, for your papers to be checked
  • Even if you appear for one paper, your attempt is counted
  • If you merely apply for the Prelims but do not appear for the exam then your attempt is not counted

2012 Prelims Syllabus

As already mentioned, the Prelims is objective in nature and each question carries four choices out of which the candidate has to select one right option. The new CSAT or Prelims syllabus was introduced from the 2011 exam and is as follows.

(Paper 1) (200 marks) - Duration : Two hrs

  • Current events of national and international importance
  • History of India and Indian national movement
  • Indian and World Geography- physical, social, economic geography of India and the world
  • Indian Polity and governance constitution, political system, panchayati raj, public policy, Rights issues, etc.
  • Economic and social development sustainable development, poverty, inclusion, demographics, social sector initiatives etc.
  • General issues on environmental ecology, bio-diversity and climate change-that donot require subject specialization
  • General science.

(Paper II) (200 marks) Duration : Two hrs

  • Comprehension
  • Interpersonal skills including communication skills
  • Logical reasoning and analytical ability
  • Decision making and problem solving
  • General mental ability
  • Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude etc. (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. Class X level)
  • English language comprehension skills (Class X level)
  • Questions relating to English Language Comprehension skills of Class X level (last item in the Syllabus of Paper-II) will be tested through passages from English language only without providing Hindi translation thereof in the question paper.
  • The questions will be of multiple choice, objective type.

How You Cracked the Prelims in First Attempt

Many IAS exam aspirants want to know whether they can clear the IAS exam 2012 prelims in their very first attempt? Yes it's entirely possible! Let me explain briefly how you clear the prelims in first attempt itself without any coaching and very little guidance.



  • Read one good newspaper and two magazines for current affairs apart from Manorama Year Book for GK and Current Events.

Instead of referring multiple magazines and newspapers, I suggest you just read one good newspaper and one or two magazines for current affairs. The Hindu is very reputed English daily and if you can get hold of it, go for it otherwise read The Indian Express/TIMES OF INDIA.



As far as magazines are concerned, Civil Services Chronicle or civil services Times are both good magazines for current affairs and reading one will be enough. But you should surely read Manorama Year Book for not just current affairs but more importantly to build your General Knowledge.

  • Read the past 5 years solved question papers before and after reading a topic.

The best way to track your progress is to refer the past five years questions whenever you start a new topic. This way you know what's important and should be stressed upon. After you finish reading that topic refer the questions from that topic again and check if you can answer all of them or not.

This way you know if you have left out some important points in the first reading and can attempt course correction immediately instead of waiting till the fag end of your preparation for IAS Exam in 2012.

  • covered the scoring topics early

You shouldn't just study the first topic that you come across. Rather, prioritize and plan. Topics like GK, Polity, Maps can be prepared quickly and fetch easy marks. Tackle them early to pocket 30-40 marks even before you step into the exam hall.

  • make micro notes that you could go through quickly before the prelims

Aspirants planning to prepare for the 2012 IAS Exam should make it a habit of writing important current event and GK snippets in a diary, register or flip cards on a daily basis which you can go through 15 or 20 days before the Prelims.


IAS 2012 Mains Examination Details
The Civil Services (Main) Examination 2012 will commence from 5-10-2012 and continue for 21 days. The first paper will be GS or General Studies followed by Essay and English (Compulsory). The third day will be the Indian Language paper and this will be followed by various optional papers on different days.
In all the 2012 IAS Mains exam will consist of 2000 marks ( GS paper of 600 marks, 2 optional papers of 600 marks each, essay paper of 200 marks) and students securing more than 940 marks (general category) can expect an Interview call from the UPSC.
Each paper of the 2012 IAS Mains exam will be of 3 hours duration and there will be 3 hours break between two papers held on the same day. For instance, GS paper 1 will be held in the morning and paper 2 in the afternoon.
Approximately 13 times the total number of seats qualify the prelims and appear for the mains exam. So if the total number of seats announced in the 2012 prelims notification is 900, about 10,700 candidates will clear the prelims and write the mains exam.
Finally, about 2.5 time the total vacancies are called for the IAS interview. So out of 10,700 candidates writing the 2012 IAS Mains exam, about 2250 candidates will qualify for the IAS Interview.



ALL THE BEST IAS ASPIRANTS.
COMPILED BY AN IAS ASPIRANT

Your Home Loan Guide & Documents and Eligibility

While applying for a home loan, you need to keep in mind some general conditions pertaining to determination of eligibility and the documentation requirements, in order to expedite the loan process. The specific requirements may vary between different banks, depending on the purpose of the loan, amount required, tenure etc.

HOME LOANS ARE AVAILABLE TO:
Individuals: Both salaried and self-employed sole proprietorships partnerships limited companies

THE LOAN AMOUNT DEPENDS ON THESE FACTORS:
Applicant: It depends on who the applicant is – individual or firm.

Value of property: Banks finance 60-85 % of the agreement's value of the property. If you are purchasing a flat for Rs 40 lakhs but the agreement value is only Rs 25 lakhs, you will get finance up to a maximum of Rs 15.30 lakhs (85% of Rs 25 lakhs). The difference between the agreement value and the value you pay may be on account of legal charges, stamp duty, valuation etc.
Age of applicant: The minimum stipulated age of a borrower is 22-25 years and the maximum age varies between 58-65 years. The maximum age is the age at the expiry of the loan. If your age is 45 years and the maximum age fixed by the bank is 60 years, you can get a loan for a tenure of 15 years only.
Income: The income determines the repaying capability of an applicant. If the income is lower than the required income to service the instalments, a co-applicant can be added. The income considered in such a case will be of both parties, the applicant and co-applicant .
Purpose of loan: The purpose of the loan may be to buy a plot, property, under-construction property, renovation of property, or building a home. Once a property has been identified, you can approach a bank with a loan application.

THESE DOCUMENTS NEED TO BE SUBMITTED BY ALL HOME LOAN APPLICANTS:
Application form filled in Processing fee (may be fixed or a percentage of the loan amount) Photographs of the applicant and co-applicant
Income proofs: In case of a salaried individual: Employment form issued by employer Copies of pay slips of the last few months Latest Form 16 issued by employer Bank statements Identity and address proofs
In case of a self-employed individual: A brief note on the nature of business, year of establishment, present bankers, form of organization and the capacity in which the applicant is engaged Statement of total income, income tax assessment orders, and returns for the last few years Balance sheet and profit and loss account for the last few years Copy of partnership deed if it is a partnership firm, or copy of memorandum of association and articles of association if it is a company
Other documents that may be required
Net worth statement of applicant and coapplicant

Copies of LIC policies
Particulars of family members in the prescribed format – name, age, relationship , occupation, income Particulars of guarantor in the prescribed format with proof of income These documents need to be submitted in respect of property to be purchased: Original agreement with the developer Certified copy of approved plan Copies of receipts of payments made to developer Certified copies of all documents pertaining to the property.

Source: Economic Times
Courtesy : http://www.investmentkit.com

Microsoft Windows, Word, Excel, IE Shortcut keysco


Microsoft Windows shortcut keys: Below commands may not work in some versions of Microsoft Windows.
  • Alt + Tab: Switch between open applications.
  • Alt + Shift + Tab: Switch backwards between open applications.
  • Alt + double-click: Display the properties of the object you double-click on. For example, doing this on a file would display its properties.
  • Ctrl + Tab: Switches between program groups or document windows in applications that support this feature.
  • Ctrl + Shift + Tab: Same as above but backwards.
  • Alt + Print Screen: Create a screen shot only for the program you are currently in.
  • Ctrl + Print Screen: Creates a screen shot of the entire screen
  • Ctrl + Alt + Del: Reboot the computer and/or bring up the Windows task manager.
  • Ctrl + Shift + Esc: Immediately bring up the Windows task manager.
  • Ctrl + Esc: Bring up the Windows Start menu. In Windows 3.x this would bring up the Task Manager.
  • Alt + Esc: Switch Between open applications on taskbar.
  • F1: Activates help for current open application.
  • F2: Renames selected Icon.
  • F3: Starts find from desktop.
  • F4: Opens the drive selection when browsing.
  • F5: Refresh Contents to where you were on the page.
  • Ctrl + F5: Refreshes page to the beginning of the page.
  • F10: Activates menu bar.
  • Shift + F10: Simulates right-click on selected item.
  • F4: Select a different location to browse in the Windows Explorer toolbar.
  • Alt + F4: Closes Current open program.
  • Ctrl + F4: Closes Window in Program.
  • F6: Move cursor to different Windows Explorer pane.
  • Alt + Spacebar: Drops down the window control menu.
  • Ctrl + (the '+' key on the keypad): Automatically adjust the widths of all the columns in Windows explorer
  • Alt + Enter: Opens properties window of selected icon or program.
  • Alt + Spacebar: Open the control menu for the current window open.
  • Shift + Del: Delete programs/files without throwing them into the recycle bin.
  • Holding Shift: Boot Safe Mode or by pass system files as the computer is booting. When putting in an audio CD, will prevent CD Player from playing.
  • Enter: Activates the highlighted program.
  • Alt + Down arrow: Display all available options on drop down menu.
  • * (on the keypad): Expands all folders on the currently selected folder or drive in Windows Explorer.
  • + (on the keypad): Expands only the currently selected folder in Windows Explorer.
  • - (on the keypad): Collapses the currently selected folder in Windows Explorer.
  • WINKEY: Pressing the Windows key alone will open Start.
  • WINKEY + F1: Opens the Microsoft Windows help and support center.
  • WINKEY + F3: Opens the Advanced find window in Microsoft Outlook.
  • WINKEY + D: Brings the desktop to the top of all other windows.
  • WINKEY + M: Minimizes all windows.
  • WINKEY + SHIFT + M: Undo the minimize done by WINKEY + M and WINKEY + D.
  • WINKEY + E: Open Microsoft Explorer.
  • WINKEY + Tab: Cycle through open programs through the taskbar.
  • WINKEY + F: Display the Windows Search / Find feature.
  • WINKEY + CTRL + F: Display the search for computers window.
  • WINKEY + F1: Display the Microsoft Windows help.
  • WINKEY + R: Open the run window.
  • WINKEY + Pause/Break key: Open the system properties window.
  • WINKEY + U: Open Utility Manager.
  • WINKEY + L: Lock the computer (Windows XP and above only).
  • WINKEY + P: Quickly change between monitor display types. (Windows 7 only).
  • WINKEY + LEFT ARROW: Shrinks the window to 1/2 screen on the left side for side by side viewing. (Windows 7 only).
  • WINKEY + RIGHT ARROW: Shrinks the window to 1/2 screen on the right side for side by side viewing. (Windows 7 only).
  • WINKEY + UP ARROW: When in the side by side viewing mode, this shortcut takes the screen back to full size. (Windows 7 only).
  • WINKEY + DOWN ARROW: Minimizes the screen. Also, when in the side by side viewing mode, this shortcut takes the screen back to a minimized size. (Windows 7 only).
Microsoft Excel shortcut keys: Below commands may not work in some versions of Microsoft Excel.
  • F2: Edit the selected cell.
  • F5: Go to a specific cell. For example, C6.
  • F7: Spell check selected text and/or document.
  • F11: Create chart.
  • Ctrl + Shift + ; - Enter the current time.
  • Ctrl + ; - Enter the current date.
  • Alt + Shift + F1: Insert New Worksheet.
  • Shift + F3: Open the Excel formula window.
  • Shift + F5: Bring up search box.
  • Ctrl + A: Select all contents of the worksheet.
  • Ctrl + B: Bold highlighted selection.
  • Ctrl + I: Italic highlighted selection.
  • Ctrl + K: Insert link.
  • Ctrl + U: Underline highlighted selection.
  • Ctrl + 5: Strikethrough highlighted selection.
  • Ctrl + P: Bring up the print dialog box to begin printing.
  • Ctrl + Z: Undo last action.
  • Ctrl + F9: Minimize current window.
  • Ctrl + F10: Maximize currently selected window.
  • Ctrl + F6: Switch between open workbooks / windows.
  • Ctrl + Page up: Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document.
  • Ctrl + Page down: Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document.
  • Ctrl + Tab Move: between Two or more open Excel files.
  • Alt + = - Create a formula to sum all of the above cells
  • Ctrl + ' - Insert the value of the above cell into cell currently selected.
  • Ctrl + Shift + ! - Format number in comma format.
  • Ctrl + Shift + $ - Format number in currency format.
  • Ctrl + Shift + # - Format number in date format.
  • Ctrl + Shift + % - Format number in percentage format.
  • Ctrl + Shift + ^ - Format number in scientific format.
  • Ctrl + Shift + @ - Format number in time format.
  • Ctrl + Arrow key: Move to next section of text.
  • Ctrl + Spacebar: Select entire column.
  • Shift + Spacebar: Select entire row.
Microsoft Word shortcut keys: Below commands may not work in some versions of Microsoft Word.
  • Ctrl + A: Select all contents of the page.
  • Ctrl + B: Bold highlighted selection.
  • Ctrl + C: Copy selected text.
  • Ctrl + E: Aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screen.
  • Ctrl + F: Open find box.
  • Ctrl + I: Italic highlighted selection.
  • Ctrl + J: Aligns the selected text or line to justify the screen.
  • Ctrl + K: Insert link.
  • Ctrl + L: Aligns the line or selected text to the left of the screen.
  • Ctrl + M: Indent the paragraph.
  • Ctrl + P: Open the print window.
  • Ctrl + R: Aligns the line or selected text to the right of the screen.
  • Ctrl + T: Create a hanging indent.
  • Ctrl + U: Underline highlighted selection.
  • Ctrl + V: Paste.
  • Ctrl + X: Cut selected text.
  • Ctrl + Y: Redo the last action performed.
  • Ctrl + Z: Undo last action.
  • Ctrl + Shift + F: Change the font.
  • Ctrl + Shift + > - Increase selected font +1pts up to 12pt and then increases font +2pts.
  • Ctrl + ] - Increase selected font +1pts.
  • Ctrl + Shift + < - Decrease selected font -1pts if 12pt or lower, if above 12 decreases font by +2pt.
  • Ctrl + [ - Decrease selected font -1pts.
  • Ctrl + Shift + * - View or hide non printing characters.
  • Ctrl + left arrow: Moves one word to the left.
  • Ctrl + right arrow: Moves one word to the right.
  • Ctrl + up arrow: Moves to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
  • Ctrl + down arrow: Moves to the end of the paragraph.
  • Ctrl + Del: Deletes word to right of cursor.
  • Ctrl + Backspace: Deletes word to left of cursor.
  • Ctrl + End: Moves the cursor to the end of the document.
  • Ctrl + Home: Moves the cursor to the beginning of the document.
  • Ctrl + Spacebar: Reset highlighted text to the default font.
  • Ctrl + 1: Single-space lines.
  • Ctrl + 2: Double-space lines.
  • Ctrl + 5:1.5-line spacing.
  • Ctrl + Alt + 1: Changes text to heading 1.
  • Ctrl + Alt + 2: Changes text to heading 2.
  • Ctrl + Alt + 3: Changes text to heading 3.
  • Ctrl + F1: Open the Task Pane.
  • F1: Open Help.
  • Alt + Ctrl + F2: Open new document.
  • Ctrl + F2: Display the print preview.
  • Shift + F3: Change the text in Microsoft Word from upper to lower case or a capital letter at the beginning of every word.
  • Shift + Insert: Paste.
  • F4: Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+)
  • F5: Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft Word.
  • Ctrl + Shift + F6: Opens to another open Microsoft Word document.
  • F7: Spell and grammar check selected text and/or document.
  • Shift + F7: Runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted.
  • F12: Save as.
  • Shift + F12: Save.
  • Ctrl + Shift + F12: Prints the document.
  • Alt + Shift + D: Insert the current date.
  • Alt + Shift + T: Insert the current time.
Microsoft Internet Explorer shortcut keys: Below commands may not work in some versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer.
  • Alt + Left Arrow: Back a page.
  • Backspace: Back a page.
  • Alt + Right Arrow: Forward a page.
  • F5: Refresh current page, frame, or tab.
  • F11: Display the current website in full screen mode. Pressing F11 again will exit this mode.
  • Esc: Stop page or download from loading.
  • Ctrl + (- or +) - Increase or decrease the font size, pressing '-' will decrease and '+' will increase.
  • Ctrl + Enter: Quickly complete an address. For example, typemicrosoft in the address bar and press CTRL + ENTER to gethttp://www.microsoft.com.
  • Ctrl + D: Add a Favorite for the page currently opened.
  • Ctrl + I: Display available bookmarks.
  • Ctrl + N: Open New browser window.
  • Ctrl + P: Print current page / frame.
  • Ctrl + T: Opens a new tab.
  • Ctrl + F4: Closes the currently selected tab.
  • Ctrl + Tab: Moves through each of the open tabs.
  • Spacebar: Moves down a page at a time.
  • Shift + Spacebar: Moves up a page at a time.
  • Alt + Down arrow: Display all previous text entered in a text box and/or available options on drop down menu.
  • Alt + D: Highlights the text in the address bar
Mozilla Firefox shortcut keys: Below commands may not work in some versions of Mozilla Firefox.
  • Alt + Left Arrow: Back a page.
  • Backspace: Back a page.
  • Alt + Right Arrow: Forward a page.
  • F5: Refresh current page, frame, or tab.
  • F11: Display the current website in full screen mode. Pressing F11 again will exit this mode.
  • Esc: Stop page or download from loading.
  • Ctrl + (- or +) - Increase or decrease the font size, pressing '-' will decrease and '+' will increase.
  • Ctrl + Enter: Quickly complete an address. For example, typemicrosoft in the address bar and press CTRL + ENTER to gethttp://www.microsoft.com.
  • Shift + Enter: Complete a .net instead of a .com address.
  • Ctrl + Shift + Enter: Complete a .org address.
  • Ctrl + Shift + Del: Open the Clear Data window to quickly clear private data.
  • Ctrl + D: Add a bookmark for the page currently opened.
  • Ctrl + I: Display available bookmarks.
  • Ctrl + J: Display the download window.
  • Ctrl + N: Open New browser window.
  • Ctrl + P: Print current page / frame.
  • Ctrl + T: Opens a new tab.
  • Ctrl + F4 or Ctrl + W: Closes the currently selected tab.
  • Ctrl + Shift + T: Undo the close of a window.
  • Ctrl + Tab: Moves through each of the open tabs.
  • Spacebar: Moves down a page at a time.
  • Shift + Spacebar: Moves up a page at a time.
  • Alt + Down arrow: Display all previous text entered in a text box and/or available options on drop down menu.
How to create own shortcut keys

Create a shortcut
  • Open the folder or directory that contains the program you wish to create a shortcut for.
  • Right-click on the program and click Create Shortcut.
  • This will create a shortcut named "Shortcut to " in the directory you are in. If you wish to rename this shortcut, right-click the file and click rename.
  • Once the above steps have been completed, you can copy or cut this shortcut and paste it anywhere to execute this program.
Assign shortcut key to that Windows shortcut
  • Once the shortcut has been created to assign a shortcut key to that Windows shortcut follow the below steps.
  • Right-click the shortcut and click Properties.
  • Click the Shortcut tab.
  • Click in the Shortcut key box and press a letter. For example, if you press "p" the shortcut key will automatically be made Ctrl + Alt + P. Which means if saved when pressing Ctrl and Alt and "P" all at the same time will run that shortcut.
Sources:http//www.sapost.blogspot.com

How to turn off your computer immediately & safely?

How to turn off your computer immediately & safely?


Does you computer takes too much time to turn off? If yes, you are not the only user. Let me tell you the way to turn off your computer immediately. Don't worry, this method is totally safe and harmless.
  • Open the task manager by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Del key.
  • Now press Alt + U. Your shut down menu will open.
  • Now keep pressing Ctrl key and then click on Turn Off menu. Your computer will turn off within 3 seconds. Just try it.

Sources; http//www.sapost.blogspot.com

OLIVETTY PASSBOOK PRINTER CALIBRATION





Olivetti passbook printers are widely used printer in post offices. Sometimes we find problem with printer when it stops printing. In that case, calibrating the printer can solve your problem. Follow the steps to calibrate Olivetti PR2/PR2E passbook printer:
  • Switch off the printer.
  • Open the top cover of the printer and keep Head of printer at extreme left side.
  • Press all three buttons ("Station 1", "Local" and "Station 2") and then switch on the printer. Printer will give a beep sound.
  • Now close the top cover of the printer and press "Station 1" two times. The print Head will start moving and roller will start rolling.
  • Now press "Station 2" once and then add a paper to the printer and again press"Station 2".
  • Printer should take paper inside and all LEDs should blink within 5-10 seconds.
  • If not, then keep pressing "Station 2" until all LEDs glow.
  • Now switch off the printer and take test print. To take test print, press "Station 2"and power on the printer. If printer gives you the proper test page then congratulations, your printer has been troubleshooted.
  • Note: Calibrating a printer is not an easy task and you may do these steps three-four times to calibrate the printer properly
Sources:http//www.sapost.blogspot.com

Scheduling of Database Backup in SQL Server 2008 Express

Scheduling of backups not possible in SQL server 2008 express editiion, because sql server agent is not present in SQL express eidition. The daily back up of database is important in post office environments. A disaster plan is the type of document you hope you never need. But a disaster plan is a key element of systems administration strategy because of the risk of disaster presented by hardware failures, natural catastrophes, network intrusions, and human error. The risk of disaster is particularly high for databases.

Simple tool for scheduling of database in SQL server 2008 can be downloaded from the following site